The Epidemiology and Natural History of Measles in Denmark1

Horwitz, O; Grünfeld, K; B, Lysgaard-Hansen; Kjeldsen, Kjeld

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112016

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Not all patients consult a physician, and not all patients seeking consultation are reported; thus, the true number of case patients will be higher than the 3292 reported. The proportion of case patients seeking medical advice was 60% in Denmark just before the introduction of vaccination [13]. This proportion probably is lower in the orthodox-reformed group, which generally views measles as a common, mild childhood disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measles Epidemic in The Netherlands, 1999–2000

Hof

Spaendonck

Steenbergen³

2002

J INFECT DIS

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In 1999-2000, a measles epidemic occurred in The Netherlands, with 3292 reported cases; 94% of the affected patients had not been vaccinated. Only 1 patient had received 2 doses of vaccine. Three patients died, and 16% had complications. For the unvaccinated population, the incidence per 1000 inhabitants 15 months to 14 years old increased from 83 (95% confidence interval [CI], 53-113), in municipalities with vaccine coverage rates < or =90%, to 200 (95% CI, 153-247), in municipalities with coverage rates >95%; for the vaccinated population, the incidence increased from 0.2 (95% CI, 0.1-0.4) to 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9-1.9). Unvaccinated individuals were 224 times (95% CI, 148-460 times) more likely to acquire measles than were vaccinated individuals; the relative risk increased with decreasing vaccine coverage. Herd immunity outside unvaccinated clusters was high enough to prevent further transmission. More case patients came from the vaccine-accepting population living among unvaccinated clusters than from individuals who declined vaccination and who lived among the vaccine-accepting population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Measles Epidemic in The Netherlands, 1999–2000

Hof

Spaendonck

Steenbergen³

2002

J INFECT DIS

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“…Mortality from MBP, with other measles complications, increases with malnutrition and young age [20, 21]. Data collected in developing countries suggest that nutritional status and age are important factors contributing to mortality rates [22, 23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial pneumonia as a suprainfection in young adults with measles

et al. 1999

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The aim of this study was to report the clinical and laboratory characteristics of bacterial pneumonia related to measles infection, and also to assess any correlation between severity and time of onset.Four hundred and twenty-four previously healthy young males (age 222.1 yrs) were hospitalized with typical symptoms and signs of measles. One hundred and twelve (26%) developed bacterial pneumonia on admission (n=41), during their hospital stay (n=20) or days after their discharge (n=51): groups A, B and C, respectively.Single lobar consolidation was the most common finding, accounting for 89% of cases. Pleural effusion was uncommon and associated in half of the cases with empyema. A microbiological diagnosis was made in 81 cases. Streptococcus pneumoniae (65 cases) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (9 cases) were the most commonly identified organisms. Patients from group C had significantly higher values of white blood cell count and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and lower values of arterial oxygen tension (140.8610 9 . L -1 , 884 mm and 6.30.4 kPa (473 mmHg), respectively) than the other two groups. There were no deaths during the hospitalization period. The mean duration of hospital stay was 132.4 days and was longer in the presence of K. pneumoniae infection (191.6 days). Six patients from group C were admitted to the intensive care unit.In conclusion, these data suggest that bacterial pneumonia associated with measles is not unusual in hospitalized adults, and it seems to be more severe when it occurs days after the onset of rash.

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“…Since orchitis, as a complication of mumps, may be associated with the risk of testicular cancer, and orchitis is more frequent when mumps is contracted late in life, ~9 a higher percentage of cases might have had the disease after they left school. However, even if as many as, e.g., 25 percent of cases who registered as never having had mumps did contract the disease after they left school, the RRs for the associations between mumps, and between mumps after age seven, and risk of testicular cancer would still be small and insignificant (mumps: RR=I.4, CI=0.7-2.7; mumps after age seven: RR = 1.5, CI --0.7-3.2). These hypothetical RRs correspond to the RR of 1.6 Swerdlow etal 2° found for the association with mumps, but this was significant only in relation to one of the two control groups used in their study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Birth order and risk of testicular cancer

Prener

Hsieh

Engholm

et al. 1992

Cancer Causes Control

102

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To explore the etiology of testicular cancer, cases of testicular cancer were identified among members of a cohort of Danish boys born between 1941 and 1957 (inclusive), who had attended schools in Copenhagen and Gentofte and whose school health records were contained in an archive under the supervision of the Danish Cancer Registry. One hundred and eighty-three cases of testicular cancer diagnosed before 31 December 1984 were identified; 366 controls, matched to cases by sex and age, were selected from the same cohort. Information on potential risk factors and confounders was obtained from two sources: school health records and midwife protocols, both of which were recorded prior to the diagnosis of testicular cancer in cases. Relative risks (RR) approximated by the odds ratios were calculated and, in logistic regression analyses, adjustments were done for known or suspected confounders. A decreasing risk of testicular cancer with increasing birth order was observed (P = 0.020). Compared with being firstborn, being number four or more in birth order was associated with a significantly decreased RR for all testicular cancers (RR = 0.3, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.3-0.8) and testicular seminoma (RR = 0.1, CI = 0.02-0.9). No association was observed between high social class and the risk of testicular cancer (RR = 1.4, CI = 0.8-2.3); neither was age at which the study subjects had mumps or measles related to risk of testicular cancer. No cases of mumps orchitis were observed before or during school years. A slightly increased RR for testicular cancer among boys from small families could be explained by the association between family size and birth order.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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The Epidemiology and Natural History of Measles in Denmark1

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Measles Epidemic in The Netherlands, 1999–2000

Measles Epidemic in The Netherlands, 1999–2000

Bacterial pneumonia as a suprainfection in young adults with measles

Birth order and risk of testicular cancer

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