The Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Long‐Term Prognosis of Japanese Encephalitis in Central Sarawak, Malaysia, 1997–2005

Ooi, Mong How; Lewthwaite, Penny; Lai, Boon Foo; Mohan, Anand; Clear, Daniela; Lim, Lipyeow; Krishnan, Shekhar; Preston, Teresa; Chieng, Chae Hee; Tio, Phaik Hooi; Wong, See Chang; Cardosa, Jane; Solomon, Tom

doi:10.1086/590008

Cited by 122 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…9 Long hospital stay was also associated with poor prognosis in the present study and most likely reflects the severity of the disease. Other factors that reflect severity of disease, such as low Glasgow Coma Scale score on admission, 15,28,37 deep coma, 28 and ICU admission, 14 were previously found as poor prognostic factors in other studies (although not in the present study). Several authors have suggested that young age is associated with a poor long-term prognosis in children with encephalitis.…”

Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 55%

“…(28) brain tumor, 24 was previously reported, little is known about its association with infectious encephalitis. Behavioral anomalies similar to ADHD were first described as a complication of encephalitis after the influenza epidemic of 1918.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similar late-onset cognitive sequelae were also seen in other studies. 14,28,29 Epilepsy is a known sequelae of CNS infections. Furthermore, between 1% and 5% of epilepsy causes have been presumed to be due to CNS infections.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Motor and Cognitive Outcome of Acute Encephalitis

Michaeli¹,

Kassis²,

Shachor-Meyouhas³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Encephalitis in children can cause significant neurologic sequelae, such as motor and cognitive impairment. Previous reported data are based mostly on questionnaires and clinical assessments.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Significant cognitive impairment, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities are common after childhood encephalitis. Even children who were considered fully recovered may be significantly affected. Identifiable pathogens, abnormal neuroimaging, and abnormal neurologic examination on discharge are risk factors of poor outcome.abstract OBJECTIVES: To examine the long-term motor and neurocognitive outcome of children with acute encephalitis and to look at possible prognostic factors. METHODS:Children who were treated for acute encephalitis in 2000-2010 were reevaluated. All children and their parents were interviewed by using structured questionnaires, and the children underwent full neurologic examinations, along with comprehensive neurocognitive, attention, and behavioral assessments. RESULTS:Of the 47 children enrolled, 1 died and 29 had neurologic sequelae, including motor impairment, mental retardation, epilepsy, and attention and learning disorders. Children with encephalitis had a significantly higher prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (50%) and learning disabilities (20%) compared with the reported rate (5%-10%) in the general population of Israel (P , .05) and lower IQ scores. Lower intelligence scores and significantly impaired attention and learning were found even in children who were considered fully recovered at the time of discharge. Risk factors for long-term severe neurologic sequelae were focal signs in the neurologic examination and abnormal neuroimaging on admission, confirmed infectious cause, and long hospital stay.CONCLUSIONS: Encephalitis in children may be associated with significant long-term neurologic sequelae. Significant cognitive impairment, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and learning disabilities are common, and even children who were considered fully recovered at discharge may be significantly affected. Neuropsychological testing should be recommended for survivors of childhood encephalitis.

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Section: Figuresupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Long-term Motor and Cognitive Outcome of Acute Encephalitis

Michaeli¹,

Kassis²,

Shachor-Meyouhas³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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“…In our study, GCS score below 8, concurrent seizure and coma at the time of admission were found to be poor prognostic factor and associated with increased mortality. Similar observations were made by various workers in their earlier studies, Ooi MH et al(2008) in Malaysia , Y C Wu et al (1999) in Taiwan (13,14).…”

Section: Original Research Article Clinical Profile and Outcome Of Psupporting

confidence: 89%

Original Research Article: Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Assam, India.

Deuri¹,

Kalita²

2016

IOSR

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“…During follow-up, 31 patients experienced improvement, but 15 patients experienced deterioration in their outcome grade. 15 Japanese Encephalitis (JE) disability assessment, Cambodia, 2007-2008, reported that out of 54 survivors five (10.6%) had severe sequelae, eighteen (38.3%) and twenty one ( 44.7 %) of children had moderate and mild sequelae, respectively. Only three children (6.4%) were considered to have recovered completely to a comparable condition as prior to illness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of sequelae of acute encephalitis syndrome in district Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

Shrivastava

Tiwari

et al. 2016

Int J Res Med Sci

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The Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Long‐Term Prognosis of Japanese Encephalitis in Central Sarawak, Malaysia, 1997–2005

Abstract: Neurological assessment of Japanese encephalitis survivors at hospital discharge does not predict long-term outcome. Seizures and shock are treatable risk factors for a poor outcome at hospital discharge and at long-term follow-up visits.

Cited by 122 publications

References 16 publications

Long-term Motor and Cognitive Outcome of Acute Encephalitis

Long-term Motor and Cognitive Outcome of Acute Encephalitis

Original Research Article: Clinical Profile and Outcome of Patients with Acute Encephalitis Syndrome in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Assam, India.

A study of sequelae of acute encephalitis syndrome in district Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

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