The epidemiology, healthcare and societal burden of basal cell carcinoma in Wales 2000–2018: a retrospective nationwide analysis

Ibrahim, N. B. N.; Jovic, Matthew; Ali, Stephen R; Williams, Namor; Gibson, John; Griffiths, Rowena; Dobbs, Thomas D.; Akbari, Ashley; Lyons, Ronan A; Hutchings, Hayley; Whitaker, Iain S.

doi:10.1093/bjd/ljac090

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The implied costs from the simplified assumption of one follow-up visit (based on clinical consensus) broadly accord with other reports 22 which suggest that the median number of day cases for nonmelanoma care was 1.5, however, future work should seek to consolidate true inpatient activity in for the non-melanoma setting.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Skin in The Game: The Cost Consequences of Skin Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Care in Northern Ireland

McFerran

Donaldson

Lawler

2023

Preprint

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Background Skin cancer is a prevalent type of cancer in the UK. Its rising incidence and mortality rates are expected to result in substantial financial implications, particularly on diagnostic and treatment services for skin cancer management in Northern Ireland. Such anticipated disease increases underscore the need for prevention and control measures that should guide policymaking and planning efforts. Methods We conducted a retrospective cost study to measure the burden of skin cancer in Northern Ireland from a healthcare system perspective. Our data-driven model utilized bottom-up methodology and reported 2018 costs using NHS reference unit costs (UK GBP) for skin cancer diagnosis and treatment patient pathways. Sensitivity analyses were performed, including varying diagnostic volumes by applying multipliers for benign cases and assuming a diagnostic conversion rate of 6.8%. An alternative chemotherapy regimen compliance rate was also examined at 75% as compared to base case. Proportional increases were projected based on future estimated increases of 9% and 28% in melanoma cases for diagnostic, treatment, and follow-up volumes specifically related to malignant melanoma. Results As of 2018, NICR recorded 4142 non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and 423 malignant melanoma (MM) cases, averaging 17.5 new patients per trust weekly. The total costs for managing NMSC was GBP1,815,936, whereas that for MM skin cancer costs was GBP12,364,220, out of which GBP8,792,208 accounted for procurement, administration, and chemotherapy drug use. Healthcare providers spent a total of GBP17,024,115 on skin cancer care. Sensitivity analysis suggests diagnostic cost would either reduce by GBP781k to GBP3,061,524 or increase significantly to GBP11,212,183 based on referral volume assumptions. If base case rates rise by 9 or 28% estimated total costs of treating skin cancer will increase to GBP18.1 million and GBP20.4 million respectively. Conclusions Skin cancer management costs in Northern Ireland vary from ~GBP14.3m to GBP26.2m depending on diagnostic referral assumptions. Malignant melanoma costs have risen ~10-fold over the past decade mainly due to chemotherapy costs. A predicted 28% increase in melanoma cases by 2040 would lead to GBP3.3m of additional referral, diagnostic and treatment expenditures, which with inflation adjustment to a further budget requirement of approximately GBP6.4 million by 2022 rates.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Skin in The Game: The Cost Consequences of Skin Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Care in Northern Ireland

McFerran

Donaldson

Lawler

2023

Preprint

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“…Furthermore, there is a statistically significant association between site and sex. BCCs of the face, lower limb, lip and eyelid were more common in female patients, whereas BCCs of the ear/external auditory canal, scalp/neck, trunk, and upper limb were more common in male patients [ 104 ].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Basal Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors and Innovations in Risk Assessment for Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Wunderlich,

Suppa,

Gandini

et al. 2024

Cancers

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Skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and is preventable. Various risk factors contribute to different types of skin cancer, including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. These risk factors encompass both extrinsic, such as UV exposure and behavioral components, and intrinsic factors, especially involving genetic predisposition. However, the specific risk factors vary among the skin cancer types, highlighting the importance of precise knowledge to facilitate appropriate early diagnosis and treatment for at-risk individuals. Better understanding of the individual risk factors has led to the development of risk scores, allowing the identification of individuals at particularly high risk. These advances contribute to improved prevention strategies, emphasizing the commitment to mitigating the impact of skin cancer.

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Continuing benefits of the Montreal Protocol and protection of the stratospheric ozone layer for human health and the environment

Madronich,

Bernhard,

Neale

et al. 2024

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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The protection of Earth’s stratospheric ozone (O3) is an ongoing process under the auspices of the universally ratified Montreal Protocol and its Amendments and adjustments. A critical part of this process is the assessment of the environmental issues related to changes in O3. The United Nations Environment Programme’s Environmental Effects Assessment Panel provides annual scientific evaluations of some of the key issues arising in the recent collective knowledge base. This current update includes a comprehensive assessment of the incidence rates of skin cancer, cataract and other skin and eye diseases observed worldwide; the effects of UV radiation on tropospheric oxidants, and air and water quality; trends in breakdown products of fluorinated chemicals and recent information of their toxicity; and recent technological innovations of building materials for greater resistance to UV radiation. These issues span a wide range of topics, including both harmful and beneficial effects of exposure to UV radiation, and complex interactions with climate change. While the Montreal Protocol has succeeded in preventing large reductions in stratospheric O3, future changes may occur due to a number of natural and anthropogenic factors. Thus, frequent assessments of potential environmental impacts are essential to ensure that policies remain based on the best available scientific knowledge. Graphical abstract

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The epidemiology, healthcare and societal burden of basal cell carcinoma in Wales 2000–2018: a retrospective nationwide analysis

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Skin in The Game: The Cost Consequences of Skin Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Care in Northern Ireland

Skin in The Game: The Cost Consequences of Skin Cancer Diagnosis, Treatment and Care in Northern Ireland

Risk Factors and Innovations in Risk Assessment for Melanoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, and Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Continuing benefits of the Montreal Protocol and protection of the stratospheric ozone layer for human health and the environment

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