The Epidemiology of Accidental Poisoning in an Urban Population

Wehrle, Paul F.; DeFreest, L.; Penhollow, J.; Harris, Virginia Goddard

doi:10.1542/peds.27.4.614

Cited by 26 publications

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“…Thus, the chance that a child would be involved a second time is essentially 1 in SOO. Incredibly, 1 of every 4 children who have such an "accident" is a repeater (Wehrle, DeFreest, Penhollow, & Harris, 1961). Since this incidence is 12S times greater than chance, something must be going on in the family that places the child at risk.…”

Section: Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health care psychology: Prospects for the well-being of children.

Wright¹

1979

American Psychologist

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Health care psychology for children emerged before its adult counterpart. The Yale Conference on Behavioral Medicine (Schwartz & Weiss, Note 1), generally regarded as the inaugural event for health care psychology for adults, occurred a decade after the field of pediatric psychology had achieved formal structure. Thus, in this area, a prophecy from the Bible is fulfilled: "And a little child shall lead them" (Isaiah 11:6).Lightner Witmer may well have been the first pediatric health care psychologist. Brotemarkle (1947) and Watson (1953) both noted that Witmer was interested in "the types of children now quite familiar to the pediatrician: those with physical defects, the retarded, those with learning problems as well as emotionally disturbed children" (Routh, 1970, p. 469). From the medical side of this multidisciplinary endeavor, John Anderson, one of the first physicians to address the topic formally, spoke at the 81st annual meeting of the American Medical Association in 1930 on "Pediatrics and Child Psychology." The talk was later published in the Journal of the American Medical 'Association and is interesting in light of its cautious pessimism:In an age when the word "psychology" is so widely used by so many different people in such a variety of ways, one approaches the discussion of the relationship between psychology and pediatrics with some fear and trembling. It is in part due to a feeling that when the discussion is completed, psychology may seem to be a much more prosaic endeavor than most people believe and hold out somewhat less hope for meeting all our unresolved problems of human relations, at least within the next generation. (Anderson, 1930, p. 101S) But Anderson went on to describe psychologists as possessing "as keen a comprehension of scientific methods, as honest an appreciation of difficulties of making valid generalizations, and as well-trained imaginations as those who are found in any other of the great scientific disciplines."

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Section: Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health care psychology: Prospects for the well-being of children.

Wright¹

1979

American Psychologist

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“…Given the approximately 50,000 annual poisonings within this age bracket (Fleming, 1960;Verhulst, 1964), only 1 out of every 500 children should be affected, and thus only 1 out of 500 should repeat by chance. The fact that approximately one in four victims do repeat (Wehrle, DeFreest, Penhollow, & Harris, 1961) yields an incidence that is essentially 120 times greater than chance. There must, therefore, be something about the family and/or the child that explains the propensity of some children to repeat.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The purpose of this study is to report the development of an instrument that attempts to identify the accidental poisoning victim who is most likely to repeat. Since the average number of episodes for repeaters is approximately three (Wehrle et al, 1961), repeat episodes probably account for about 33% of all poison accidents. Logically, this number could be reduced significantly if at-risk children were identified and they and/or their families treated, and if the administration of the prediction instrument itself could be an occasion for instructing parents concerning the physical and psychological hazards that contribute to poisoning accidents.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As part of the present investigation, the behavioral and medical literature was reviewed and the following characteristics identified as traits of potential accidental poisoning victims: (a) more daring, impulsive, active, and masculine; more frequently separated from mothers during early childhood (Baltimore & Meyer, 1969); (b) more prone toward risk taking, high strung, impulsive, overactive, masculine; walked prior to 1 year of age; difficult to wean; engaged in thumb sucking and other oral habits; engaged in compulsive habits such as body rocking; fell a lot; father unemployed (Wehrle et al, 1961); (c) family stress and excessive risk taking (Sobel & Margolis, 1965;Lewis, Solnit, Stark, Gabrielson, & Klatskin, 1966;Sobel, 1969); (d) hyperactive (Stewart, Thach, & Freiden, 1970); and (e) less thumb sucking and other bedtime rituals at night or while asleep (Craig, 1955).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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