The Epidemiology of African Swine Fever, Its Complexity and the Requirement for Multiple Solution Approaches

Schulz, Katja; Boklund, Anette

doi:10.3390/ani10101900

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The wide range and the high number of individuals of wild boars in Europe, as well as the lack of movement restraint make the disease more difficult and expensive to control. In Europe, ASF continues to circulate in the wild boar populations despite the considerable targeted efforts in control measures such as population control, fencing, and safe disposal of carcasses found in affected regions, and increased biosecurity measures 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 . Although ASF incidence has decreased for the first time in the last 8 years, surveillance is mainly passive, and, in several regions, attenuated strains are circulating 8 , so the extension of wild boar infection might be underestimated 9 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape connectivity for predicting the spread of ASF in the European wild boar population

Goicolea,

Cisneros-Araújo,

Vega

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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African swine fever (ASF) is an infectious and highly fatal disease affecting wild and domestic swine, which is unstoppably spreading worldwide. In Europe, wild boars are one of the main drivers of spread, transmission, and maintenance of the disease. Landscape connectivity studies are the main discipline to analyze wild-species dispersal networks, and it can be an essential tool to predict dispersal-wild boar movement routes and probabilities and therefore the associated potential ASF spread through the suitable habitat. We aimed to integrate wild boar habitat connectivity predictions with their occurrence, population abundance, and ASF notifications to calculate the impact (i.e., the capacity of a landscape feature to favor ASF spread) and the risk (i.e., the likelihood of a habitat patch becoming infected) of wild boar infection across Europe. Furthermore, we tested the accuracy of the risk of infection by comparing the results with the temporal distribution of ASF cases. Our findings identified the areas with the highest impact and risk factors within Europe's central and Eastern regions where ASF is currently distributed. Additionally, the impact factor was 31 times higher on habitat patches that were infected vs non-infected, proving the utility of the proposed approach and the key role of wild boar movements in ASF-spread. All data and resulting maps are openly accessible and usable.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape connectivity for predicting the spread of ASF in the European wild boar population

Goicolea,

Cisneros-Araújo,

Vega

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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“…This is understandable and important, considering the impact that ASF has on commercial pig production and international trade. It is nevertheless believed that the benefits of those advancements will vary in the smallholder sector, depending on limitations such as genotype variation versus homologous vaccine protection, thermostability, costs, and practical applications [ 21 , 53 , 58 ]. There is also a growing body of literature on antiviral substances that are active, at least in vitro, against ASFV, but this does not appear to offer short-term solutions for management of ASF in the resource-limited smallholder sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative Research Offers New Hope for Managing African Swine Fever Better in Resource-Limited Smallholder Farming Settings: A Timely Update

et al. 2023

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African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs has, since its discovery in Africa more than a century ago, been associated with subsistence pig keeping with low levels of biosecurity. Likewise, smallholder and backyard pig farming in resource-limited settings have been notably affected during the ongoing epidemic in Eastern Europe, Asia, the Pacific, and Caribbean regions. Many challenges to managing ASF in such settings have been identified in the ongoing as well as previous epidemics. Consistent implementation of biosecurity at all nodes in the value chain remains most important for controlling and preventing ASF. Recent research from Asia, Africa, and Europe has provided science-based information that can be of value in overcoming some of the hurdles faced for implementing biosecurity in resource-limited contexts. In this narrative review we examine a selection of these studies elucidating innovative solutions such as shorter boiling times for inactivating ASF virus in swill, participatory planning of interventions for risk mitigation for ASF, better understanding of smallholder pig-keeper perceptions and constraints, modified culling, and safe alternatives for disposal of carcasses of pigs that have died of ASF. The aim of the review is to increase acceptance and implementation of science-based approaches that increase the feasibility of managing, and the possibility to prevent, ASF in resource-limited settings. This could contribute to protecting hundreds of thousands of livelihoods that depend upon pigs and enable small-scale pig production to reach its full potential for poverty alleviation and food security.

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“…African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe haemorrhagic viral disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, having serious effects on the global pig industry in more than 50 countries [ 1 , 2 ]. Virulent strains have a mortality rate of up to 100%, and there is no current control measure other than the culling of infected pig herds, which leads to enormous economic losses [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Whole-Genome Sequence of the African Swine Fever Virus from a Mongolian Wild Boar with Genotype II Viruses from Asia and Europe

Ankhanbaatar,

Auer,

Ulziibat

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious and severe viral hemorrhagic disease in domestic and wild pigs. ASF seriously affects the global swine industry as the mortality rate can reach 100% with highly virulent strains. In 2007, ASF was introduced into the Caucasus and spread to Russia and later into other European and Asian countries. This study reported the first whole-genome sequence (WGS) of the ASF virus (ASFV) that was detected in a Mongolian wild boar. This sequence was then compared to other WGS samples from Asia and Europe. Results show that the ASFV Genotype II from Mongolia is similar to the Asian Genotype II WGS. However, there were three nucleotide differences found between the Asian and European genome sequences, two of which were non-synonymous. It was also observed that the European Genotype II ASFV WGS was more diverse than that of the Asian counterparts. The study demonstrates that the ASFV Genotype II variants found in wild boars and domestic pigs are highly similar, suggesting these animals might have had direct or indirect contact, potentially through outdoor animal breeding. In conclusion, this study provides a WGS and mutation spectrum of the ASFV Genotype II WGS in Asia and Europe and thus provides important insights into the origin and spread of ASFV in Mongolia.

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The Epidemiology of African Swine Fever, Its Complexity and the Requirement for Multiple Solution Approaches

Abstract: Searching for the term “African swine fever” (ASF) in the title of publications in the Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus during the period of 1955–2020 resulted in an average of 2009 detected articles [...]

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Landscape connectivity for predicting the spread of ASF in the European wild boar population

Landscape connectivity for predicting the spread of ASF in the European wild boar population

Innovative Research Offers New Hope for Managing African Swine Fever Better in Resource-Limited Smallholder Farming Settings: A Timely Update

Comparison of the Whole-Genome Sequence of the African Swine Fever Virus from a Mongolian Wild Boar with Genotype II Viruses from Asia and Europe

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