The Epidemiology of AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma in San Francisco

Rutherford, George W; Schwarcz, Sandra; Lemp, George F.; Barnhart, J L; Rauch, Kathryn J.; Warner, W. L.; Piland, Timothy H.; Werdegar, David

doi:10.1093/infdis/159.3.569

Cited by 61 publications

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“…In the United States, a decline in the proportion of AIDS cases presenting as KS has occurred in all exposure groups, especially among homosexual men (Rutherford et al, 1989;Lifson et al, 1990;Beral et al, 1990). This decline has also occurred in Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In homo/bisexual men, KS comprised a significantly higher proportion of all diagnoses of AIDS compared to all other groups at high risk of HIV infection such as haemophiliacs, intravenous drug users (IVDU), recipients of HIV-infected blood, and children born to seropositive mothers. Recent American reports have documented a decline in the proportion of KS diagnoses among AIDS cases during the 1980's (Selik et al, 1987;Rutherford et al, 1989;Beral et al, 1990). These differences and time-related changes suggest that factors other than HIV and its related immunosuppression must play a role in the development of AIDS-KS.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Kaposi's sarcoma and non‐hodgkin's lymphoma in european aids cases. no excess risk of kaposi's sarcoma in mediterranean countries

Casabona

Melbye

Biggar

1991

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Prior to the AIDS epidemic, Kaposi's sarcoma (non-AIDS-KS) in Europe was mainly a disease of elderly Mediterranean men. In 1989 AIDS data from 15 European countries were collected to study proportional trends in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS) in order to determine whether specific factors in Southern Europe might be important in the development of KS among AIDS patients. Another AIDS-related cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was included as a malignancy control. Of 22,367 AIDS cases reported, 3,779 (16.9%) were KS and 741 (3.3%) were NHL. A significant, continuous fall in the percentage of AIDS-KS was seen for both homosexual men and other members of exposure groups during the period 1981-89 (p-trend less than 0.0001). The proportion with AIDS-KS decreased from 40.5% in 1983 to 26.5% in 1988 in homosexual men and from 12.2 to 3.6% in other exposure groups, respectively. No significant change was observed in the proportion of NHL cases among any of the risk groups over time, although a tendency towards a slight increase was noted for homosexual men. Comparing proportional trends of KS and NHL geographically, no significant difference was found overall, by time or by exposure group. In conclusion, a specific decline is observed over time for AIDS-KS. However, if geographically-restricted factors are important in the development of non-AIDS-KS in Europe, the same factors do not appear to affect the risk of AIDS-KS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Kaposi's sarcoma and non‐hodgkin's lymphoma in european aids cases. no excess risk of kaposi's sarcoma in mediterranean countries

Casabona

Melbye

Biggar

1991

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Kaposi sarcoma (KS)' is the most common malignancy seen in patients with HIV infection (1). Recent laboratory studies have provided important clues to the pathogenesis of this tumor and its relationship to HIV infection (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oncostatin-M stimulates tyrosine protein phosphorylation in parallel with the activation of p42MAPK/ERK-2 in Kaposi's cells. Evidence that this pathway is important in Kaposi cell growth.

Amaral¹,

Miles²,

Kumar³

et al. 1993

J. Clin. Invest.

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Oncostatin-M (OSM) is a potent mitogen for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells. We studied signaling by the OSM receptor in three AIDS-related KS lines and show induction of tyrosine phosphorylation of 145-, 120-, 85-, and 42-kD substrates. The 42-kD substrate was identified as p42MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase), also known as ERK-2. This serine/threonine kinase relays mitogenic signals from receptor tyrosine protein kinases (TPKs) or receptor-associated TPKs to transcriptional activators. The OSM dose dependence for MAP kinase activation and induction of KS cell growth were almost identical, suggesting functional linkage. MAP kinase activation was dependent on tyrosine phosphorylation, and both OSM-induced MAP kinase activity and KS cell growth could be suppressed by TPK inhibitors, genistein and geldanomycin. OSM also stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of similar substrates and MAP kinase activity in human vein endothelial cells. While it has been proposed that the OSM receptor may include the gpl30 subunit of the IL-6 receptor and a-chain of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor, neither LIF nor r.IL-6 induced tyrosine protein phosphorylation or p42MI'K activation in KS cells.However, r.IL-6 did stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation and p42'PK activity in the human B cell line, AF-10, while OSM and LIF exerted no effects. Our results indicate that, although the OSM and IL-6 receptors share a common signaling pathway, this pathway is selectively activated by OSM in Kaposi's cells. (J. Clin. Invest. 1993. 92:848-857.)

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“…An infectious origin of KS has been discussed, and herpes virus hominis type 8 could be responsible for this almost epidemic spread [16], Eyelid and conjunctival KS are observed in 20-24% of patients with AIDS and lid lesions are more common than con junctival lesions in the interior fornix ( fig. 1c) [17,18]. Cryotherapy has been recommended for KS of the eyelid, but a high recurrence rate may make a dye-laser treatment more effective [10].…”

Section: Kaposi' S Sarcoma (Ks) In Immunocompromised Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic Infections of the Eye in Immunocompromised Patients

Guembel

Ohrloff²

1997

Ophthalmologica

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All opportunistic infections of the eye have their origin in the suppression of the immune system of the host. The immunosuppression can be acquired through the human immune deficiency virus or as a result of immunosuppressive therapy in solid-organ transplant recipients with a maintenance therapy of cyclosporin and prednisone or during chemotherapy in patients with myelo-proliferative disorders. Generally, in less than 2% could severe opportunistic infections of the eye, like cytomegalovirus (CMV) or herpes virus infection, be found in transplant and cancer patients with chemotherapy. About 35–70% of patients with AIDS exhibit ocular manifestations of disease, so the most notable opportunistic infection with an incidence of 35% would be CMV retinitis. Less frequent are progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome, Kaposi’s sarcoma and optic neuropathies. This paper reviews recent advances in the diagnosis and special local therapies of the worst opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts.

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The Epidemiology of AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma in San Francisco

Cited by 61 publications

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Kaposi's sarcoma and non‐hodgkin's lymphoma in european aids cases. no excess risk of kaposi's sarcoma in mediterranean countries

Kaposi's sarcoma and non‐hodgkin's lymphoma in european aids cases. no excess risk of kaposi's sarcoma in mediterranean countries

Oncostatin-M stimulates tyrosine protein phosphorylation in parallel with the activation of p42MAPK/ERK-2 in Kaposi's cells. Evidence that this pathway is important in Kaposi cell growth.

Opportunistic Infections of the Eye in Immunocompromised Patients

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