“…Among four cohort studies, three reported no significant association in drinkers as compared with nondrinkers (Mills et al, 1991;Chyou et al, 1993;Djousse et al, 2004), whereas the Netherlands Cohort Study (Zeegers et al, 2001c), including 517 male and 77 female cases, found an increased risk in men (smoking-adjusted relative risk, RR = 1.63 for Z 30 g/day) but not in women (smoking-adjusted RR = 0.75 for Z 5 g/day). Most casecontrol studies found no significant association between alcohol drinking and bladder cancer (Wynder et al, 1963;Morgan and Jain, 1974;Wynder and Goldsmith, 1977;Howe et al, 1980;Cartwright et al, 1981;Najem et al, 1982;Thomas et al, 1983;Kabat et al, 1986;Bravo et al, 1987;Brownson et al, 1987;Iscovich et al, 1987;Risch et al, 1988;Slattery et al, 1988;Nomura et al, 1989;Harris et al, 1990;Bruemmer et al, 1997;Yu et al, 1997;Pohlabeln et al, 1999;Geoffroy-Perez and Cordier, 2001;Pelucchi et al, 2002;Baena et al, 2006), whereas eight studies reported significantly increased risks (Mommsen et al, 1983;Claude et al, 1986;Akdas et al, 1990;Kunze et al, 1992;Momas et al, 1994;Murata et al, 1996;Donato et al, 1997;Lu et al, 2005) and one found inverse associations (Jiang et al, 2007). The latter, a recent investigation conducted in Los Angeles County on 1586 pairs of cases and controls, found a decreased risk of bladder cancer in individuals with both high...…”