The Epidemiology of Bloodstream Infections and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns: A Nine-Year Retrospective Study at St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia, Ghana

Abstract

Background. Bloodstream infections are among the top causes of morbidity and mortality in people of all ages, especially in immunocompromised patients in sub-Saharan Africa. This study aimed at describing the epidemiology of bloodstream infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern over a nine-year period at St. Dominic Hospital, Akwatia, in the Eastern Region of Ghana. Method. This study retrospectively analysed data from 4,489 patients who were referred to the Laboratory Department for blood culture and sensitivity testing from January 2009 to December 2017. Sociodemographic data included age, gender, and patients’ department. Blood culture results were retrieved from archival records in the laboratory. The authorities of St. Dominic Hospital granted approval for the study. Results. The incidence of bloodstream infection over the 9 years was 51.4 positive cultures per 100,000 hospital attendance. Staphylococcus aureus was the leading causative agent of bacteraemia for the first two scalar years (2009–2011 (38.9%) and 2012–2014 (42.2%)) while coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS) (50.5%) was predominant for the last scalar year (2015–2017), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (169/587 (28.8%)). The highest incidence of bloodstream infections was recorded in the wet seasons (months of May (8.9 per 10,000 persons) and October (10.1 per 10,000 persons)). The bacterial isolates demonstrated high resistance to tetracyclines (390/531 (73.4%)), penicillins (1282/1669 (76.8%)), and sulphonamides (450/499 (90.2%)). Conclusion. Bloodstream infection and antimicrobial resistance are high in patients seeking healthcare in Akwatia. This therefore calls for concerted efforts aimed at reducing the incidence in the study area.

Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogens Causing Blood Stream Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Two-year Retrospective Study from Southern Nigeria

“…The isolation rate of blood culture positive cases in our study was 28.09%. This was similar to previous reports from India and Ethiopia [2,13,14] but however showed variation with other studies [1,12,[15][16][17][18], as shown in Table 5. Variations in blood culture positive rates may be due to the use of different laboratory diagnostic procedures, different patient populations, underlying disease conditions, hospital types, geographical locations and differences in the infection control policies [10,13].…”

“…Blood stream infections (BSIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa especially in immune-compromised patients, yet few facilities have been able to maintain surveillance [1,2]. Globally, Blood stream infection affects about 30 million people and accounts for 6 million deaths, with 3 million new born and 1.2 million children suffering from sepsis annually [1]. Advances in medicine, increasing use of invasive devices, prolonged hospital stay, immunosuppressive therapy, neutropenia, and organ transplantation are some of the risk factors associated with blood stream infections [2,3].…”

Comparative study of manual conventional blood cultures versus automated blood culture system in cases of septicemia

“…1 Blood infections are a substantial reason for morbidity and mortality of patients, particularly in developing countries. 2 If left untreated, bloodstream infections may lead to more dangerous infections, involving all organs and ultimately death. 3 Among the various types of nosocomial infections, bloodstream infections are a very serious health problem in hospital wards globally.…”

Retrospective Evaluation of Positive Blood Culture of Bacteremic Cases With Fatal Outcome

“…Staphylococcus aureus'ta metisilin direnci, mikrodilüsyon yöntemi kullanılarak oksasilin ve sefoksitin testiyle doğrulandı. Enterobacteriaceae için karbapenem direnci CLSI kriterlerine göre meropenem ve imipenem minimum inhibitör konsantrasyonu (MIC) >2 mg/ml ve sefmetazol MIC >64 mg/ml olması olarak kabul edildi (7,12,13).…”