The epidemiology of bluetongue in Malawi

Haresnape, Janet M.; Taylor, W. P.; Lungu, S. A. M.

doi:10.1017/s0950268800067224

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This heterogeneity of serotypes suggests that cattle, unlike goats, could be the main reservoir hosts for BTV in Zambia. Serotypes 3 and 15 detected in Eastern Province were previously reported in neighboring Malawi [19]. Similarly, in the segment 10 phylogeny (Figure 3), most viruses detected in this study were closely related to isolates from South Africa.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…In Southern Africa, outbreaks in sheep and goats have been reported in Botswana, Lesotho, Madagascar, Namibia, South Africa and Zimbabwe ( ). However, in Southern Africa, information on circulating serotypes is only available for South Africa (serotypes 1 to 24) and Malawi (serotypes 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 21 and 22) [ 18 , 19 ]. In Zambia, apart from limited serological evidence of BT in domestic and wild ruminants conducted over three decades ago, there is no information on the distribution of the disease and circulating serotypes [ 20 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Co-Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus in Zambia

Chambaro

Sasaki

Simulundu

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants with serious trade and socio-economic implications. Although the disease has been reported in a number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa, there is currently no information on circulating serotypes and disease distribution in Zambia. Following surveillance for BT in domestic and wild ruminants in Zambia, BT virus (BTV) nucleic acid and antibodies were detected in eight of the 10 provinces of the country. About 40% (87/215) of pooled blood samples from cattle and goats were positive for BTV nucleic acid, while one hartebeest pool (1/43) was positive among wildlife samples. Sequence analysis of segment 2 revealed presence of serotypes 3, 5, 7, 12 and 15, with five nucleotypes (B, E, F, G and J) being identified. Segment 10 phylogeny showed Zambian BTV sequences clustering with Western topotype strains from South Africa, intimating likely transboundary spread of BTV in Southern Africa. Interestingly, two Zambian viruses and one isolate from Israel formed a novel clade, which we designated as Western topotype 4. The high seroprevalence (96.2%) in cattle from Lusaka and Central provinces and co-circulation of multiple serotypes showed that BT is widespread, underscoring the need for prevention and control strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus in Zambia

Chambaro

Sasaki

Simulundu

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…A clinical case of bluetongue was not observed among animals sampled during clinical examination and so far no cases have been reported in Ethiopia. The absence of clinical disease suggests that indigenous breed of sheep and goats have a high degree of innate immunity Haresnape et al (1988). This phenomenon could be changed if more virulent strains are able to gain entry or if host resistance is to be lowered by cross-breeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cattle and goats are involved in maintaining the virus wherever it occurs but disease is seldom seen in any breed. Although bluetongue does not appear to be a major economic constraint to African livestock breeders and it adversely affect the success of livestock improvement projects (Haresnape et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sero-prevalence study of bluetongue infection in sheep and goats in selected areas of Ethiopia

Gizaw¹,

Sibhat²,

Ayalew³

et al. 2016

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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Bluetongue is an infectious, a non-contagious, arthropod borne viral disease of ruminants and has been reported from most of the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Seroprevalence study was carried from July, 2013 to January, 2015 to understand bluetongue virus infection in selected areas of sheep and goats found in and around small ruminant breed improvement center. A total of 1420 sera samples from sheep and goats were collected and screened for the presence of group specific bluetongue virus antibody using competitive Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay(c-ELISA) with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99%. The overall seroprevalence of bluetongue virus antibody was 69.01% and 60.53% in sheep and goats, respectively. Seroprevalence of bluetongue ranges from 14.5% (Adami Tulu Research Center) to 91.43 % (Benestemay). Antibody to bluetongue virus was detected from both sheep and goats in all study areas. Result of this study showed that small ruminant dwelling in and around the small ruminant breed improvement centers are exposed to bluetongue virus. In the present study areas there were no observation of clinical cases in any species of animals. This indicates that local breed of animals are resistant to clinical disease of bluetongue infection and or there may be circulation of mild virus strain in the population and so further studies are required to determine the bluetongue serotypes that are circulating in sheep and goats.

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“…On the African continent, and probably elsewhere bluetongue activity commences at well defined times of the year, in association with major weather changes [23,24] which are probably responsible for translocating infected Culicoides. This type of virus survival may be considered to represent the macroecology of bluetongue while the patterns that unfold at farm and village level may be thought of as its microecology; it is here that something approaching an understanding may now be emerging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bluetongue in the Sultanate of Oman, a preliminary epidemiological study

1991

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SUMMARYA group specific agar-gel immunodiffusion test was used to demonstrate that there is a frequent and widespread distribution of bluetongue virus throughout the Sultanate of Oman. The Culicoides midges C. imicola and C. schultzei, both capable of transmitting bluetongue group viruses, were recorded throughout the year.Although these studies did not establish that bluetongue is enzootic in Oman, type-specific neutralizing antibody results supported previous evidence for the existence of a Saudi Arabian bluetongue ecosystem. Variations in antibody evidence of virus activity within a restricted locality suggested a hot-spot theory concerning the perpetuation of the virus.

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The epidemiology of bluetongue in Malawi

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Co-Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus in Zambia

Co-Circulation of Multiple Serotypes of Bluetongue Virus in Zambia

Sero-prevalence study of bluetongue infection in sheep and goats in selected areas of Ethiopia

Bluetongue in the Sultanate of Oman, a preliminary epidemiological study

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