The Epidemiology of Childhood Asthma in Red Deer and Medicine Hat, Alberta

Hessel, Patrick A.; Klaver, Justine; Michaelchuk, Dennis; McGhan, Shawna; Carson, Mary M.; Melvin, Darrel

doi:10.1155/2001/978138

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In accordance with other previously published studies, other protective determinants of childhood asthma were breastfeeding [48,54,56,57], day-care attendance [46,54,58] and pet exposure after birth [5,44]. These would tend to support the hygiene hypothesis and the role of those factors in the shift toward the expression of a Th1 phenotype.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Male sex and having previously been diagnosed with atopic dermatitis have long been known as risk factors for childhood asthma [1,5,[43][44][45][46][47]. Being born in a family with a low socioeconomic status has also been associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma in some studies [23,48,49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antibiotics prescribed between birth and index date or within the first 6 months of life were proxies for infections occurring shortly after birth [51,52], and reporting of at least one diagnosis of a bronchopulmonary diseases between birth and the index date was also an indicator of infections occurring over a longer period [7,8,42,44,45,53,54]. However, it is unclear whether the observed associations could be due to the influence of childhood infections on the Th1/Th2 lymphocyte type balance, or to reversed causality, as antibiotics could have been prescribed because of asthma symptoms in a child not yet diagnosed as asthmatic [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control and severity of asthma during pregnancy are associated with asthma incidence in offspring: two-stage case–control study

Martel

Rey²,

Beauchesne³

et al. 2009

Eur Respir J

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The extent to which childhood asthma incidence is influenced by asthma control and severity during pregnancy is unknown. We have studied this association during the child's first 10 yrs of life.A two-stage, case-control study, nested in a cohort of 8,226 children of asthmatic mothers, was conducted using three interlinked databases of Quebec, Canada, and mailed questionnaires. A total of 2,681 asthmatic children and 30,318 age-matched controls were selected (f20 controls?case -1 ; stage 1), and 3,254 selected mothers were mailed questionnaires to obtain additional information (stage 2). Asthma control and severity was defined using validated indexes and childhood asthma incidence based on at least one asthma-related diagnosis and prescription received within 2 yrs. A total of 44 confounders were considered.Compared with children of mild controlled asthmatic mothers, children whose mothers had moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma during pregnancy had an increased risk of asthma (adjusted OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.06-1.52). No increased risk was observed for children of mild uncontrolled and moderate-to-severe controlled mothers.Based on one of the largest studies of children of asthmatic mothers, a significant increase in asthma risk was demonstrated among children whose mothers had poor control and increased severity of asthma during pregnancy, indicating that this element should be added to the expanding list of determinants of childhood asthma. As it constitutes a risk factor where pregnant asthmatic females can intervene, it is of great importance for physicians to optimally treat asthmatic females during pregnancy and to encourage females to be adherent to the prescribed asthma medications.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Control and severity of asthma during pregnancy are associated with asthma incidence in offspring: two-stage case–control study

Martel

Rey²,

Beauchesne³

et al. 2009

Eur Respir J

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“…Several studies (4-9) have examined the risk factors for asthma in multiple communities, with overall associations being the major interest. Few studies (5,6), however, have considered the associations between various indoor exposures and asthma by community. The identification of community-specific exposures to environmental factors and their associations with asthma could lead to the better implementation of local programs to help reduce asthma morbidity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Variations in Risk Factors for Asthma in School Children

Lawson

Rennie

Cockcroft

et al. 2005

Canadian Respiratory Journal

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BACKGROUND: The authors have previously reported an increased prevalence of asthma in Estevan, Saskatchewan (21.4%) compared with Swift Current, Saskatchewan (16.2%). OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between asthma and personal and indoor environmental risk factors in these communities. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2000. A questionnaire was distributed to school children in grades 1 to 6 for completion by a parent. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between various risk factors and physician-diagnosed asthma. RESULTS: Asthma was associated with respiratory allergy (adjusted OR [adjOR]=8.85, 95% CI 6.79 to 11.54), early respiratory illness (adjOR=2.81, 95% CI 1.96 to 4.03) and family history of asthma (adjOR=2.37, 95% CI 1.67 to 3.36). Several environmental factors varied with asthma by town. In Estevan, asthma was associated with home mould or dampness (adjOR=1.82, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.69) and was inversely associated with air conditioning (adjOR=0.56, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.85). The risk of asthma was increased if the child had previous exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in both communities (Swift Current: OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.06 to 3.30; Estevan: OR=2.00, 95% CI 1.17 to 3.43), and there was an inverse association with current exposure to environmental tobacco smoke from the mother in Estevan (OR=0.64, 95% CI 0.40 to 1.00). When multivariate analyses were stratified by sex, the relationship between home mould or dampness and asthma was most prominent in girls in Estevan. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a similar regional location, different risk factors for asthma were identified in each community. Local environmental factors are important to consider when interpreting findings and planning asthma care.

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“…Aspergillus versicolor was found on most sterigmatocystincontaining samples, and Stachybotrys chartarum were found on the samples in which satratoxins were present. Residents who were exposed to toxigenic fungi in water-damaged buildings might suffer from many nonspecific symptoms, although the health effects of indoor molds can be inconsistent [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory toxicity ofAspergillus versicolor: the most common indoor mould in Slovakia

Piecková¹,

Hurbánková²,

erná³

et al. 2011

Environmental Health and Biomedicine

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A mould Aspergillus versicolor clearly dominates in damp and mouldy indoor environments under Slovak dwelling/public building conditions (up to 1/3 of all isolates during the last decade's surveys). Nearly all of its isolates are able to synthesize a mycotoxin sterigmatocystin (detected by LC/MS-MS), that showed severe in vitro as well as in vivo toxic potential in animal experiments (after intratracheal instillation to rats). In vitro toxicity of complex chloroformextractable endo-and exometabolites of 10 indoor, and related outdoor, A. versicolor isolates from a heavily mouldy kids' fashion store in Slovakia with complaints from the occupants of irritation of their airways has been evaluated by a bioassay with tracheal organ cultures of one-day old chicks (20 microg of toxicants per mL of cultivation medium). In the in vivo experiments, respiratory toxicity of the same metabolite mixtures was tested in Wistar rats during three days. The inflammatory and cytotoxic biomarkers were then analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Searching for the fungus possible source, molecular epidemiological study of the isolates was performed using RAMP PCR. Strains colonizing the indoor walls of the shop were the highest correlated to the outdoor airborne ones (Pearson correlation 97%). While indoor airborne isolates correlated to the strains growing on retailed clothes at the levels of 90 or 86% according to Pearson. All micromycetes produced secondary metabolites that ceased ciliary beating in tracheal epithelium in the organ cultures already in 24 hrs of the activity, i.e. in the sense of the method used, they belong to strong toxicants. Two of the isolates tested also produced extrolites without toxic effects detectable by the method. The metabolites also showed certain cytotoxic Environmental Health and Biomedicine 135

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The Epidemiology of Childhood Asthma in Red Deer and Medicine Hat, Alberta

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Control and severity of asthma during pregnancy are associated with asthma incidence in offspring: two-stage case–control study

Control and severity of asthma during pregnancy are associated with asthma incidence in offspring: two-stage case–control study

Regional Variations in Risk Factors for Asthma in School Children

Respiratory toxicity ofAspergillus versicolor: the most common indoor mould in Slovakia

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