The epidemiology of dementia in Africa: a review

Ineichen, Bernard

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(99)00392-5

Cited by 40 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…3 Cognitive impairment and dementia are increasing globally and are predicted to increase proportionately more in developing regions. 1,[4][5][6] Projections indicate that by 2050 the number of individuals older than 60 years will be approximately 2 billion and will account for 22% of the world's population. Four fifths of the people older than 60 years will be living in developing countries in Africa, Asia or Latin America.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalences of dementia and cognitive impairment among older people in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Mavrodaris

Powell

Thorogood

2013

Bull. World Health Organ.

114

109

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalences of dementia and cognitive impairment among older people in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Mavrodaris

Powell

Thorogood

2013

Bull. World Health Organ.

114

109

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“…The few studies conducted in Africa prior to 2000 used small samples and was reported to have used 'non-standardised clinical assessments'. 10 Recent studies from Africa reported prevalence figures ranging from 2.6% to 8.1%. 11,12,13 Dementia studies from South Africa include a Western Cape sample of coloured people 14 , with a prevalence of 8.6%, and a Free State sample of indigenous Sotho-speaking elderly black people 15 , which reported a prevalence of 7.7%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mild cognitive impairment and dementia in a heterogeneous elderly population: prevalence and risk profile

et al. 2013

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Objective: To describe the demographic, clinical and risk profile of Mild Cognitive Impairment and dementia in a sample of elderly South Africans within a residential setting. Method: One hundred and forty participants residing in a group of residential homes for the elderly were assessed by psychiatrists and assigned diagnoses of dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Participants diagnosed with dementia were also offered haematological investigations and a CT scan of the brain. Results: The sample consisted of 140 participants comprising 46.4% White, 29.3% Coloured, 20% Asian and 4.3% Black participants. There were 97 (69.3%) females and 106 (75.7%) participants had less than 12 years of education. Eleven (7.9%) dementia and 38 (27.1%) MCI cases were diagnosed. Increasing age was associated with cognitive impairment (MCI and dementia) (p=.020) but there was no association between gender and cognitive impairment (p=.165). MCI was significantly associated with a lower education level (p=.036) and no association was found between depression (current-p=.646; past-p=.719) and dementia or MCI. The presence of vascular risk factors (n=140) ranged from 66.4% (hypertension) to 14.3% (stroke). Subjective memory complaints were significantly associated with cognitive impairment (p=.001). Except for the use of the telephone (p=.225) and the television (p=.08), impairment in all domains of instrumental activities of daily living that were assessed were significantly associated with a dementia diagnosis. Conclusion: The study showed that cognitive impairment was associated with increasing age and low education levels. The presence of vascular risk factors places this population at risk for future cognitive decline. ?? differences in the risk profile (low levels of cardiovascular risk and hypolipidaemia) in LAMIC populations may be contributing to the lower rates. 1 While the incidence and prevalence of dementia have been extensively studied in Western and European countries 5 there remains a dearth of similar studies from Africa. The few studies conducted in Africa prior to 2000 used small samples and was reported to have used 'non-standardised clinical assessments'. 10 Recent studies from Africa reported prevalence figures ranging from 2.6% to 8.1%. 11,12,13 Dementia studies from South Africa include a Western Cape sample of coloured people 14 , with a prevalence of 8.6%, and a Free State sample of indigenous Sotho-speaking elderly black people 15 , which reported a prevalence of 7.7%. This paper describes the clinical and risk profile of a sample of elderly participants who were assessed for the presence of dementia and MCI. In addition, the value of functional assessments and subjective memory complaints in case-finding are also explored. Keywords MethodThe study consisted of three stages: 1) Administration of dementia screening tools; 2) Clinical diagnostic evaluation for dementia; and 3) Administration of a neuropsychological battery of tests. SampleThe study population comprised residents (N=1450) of a ...

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“…The number of elderly people in Africa is increasing very rapidly. Figures from the UN Project Life expectancy in Africa to increase from under 40 years in 1950 to almost 60 years in 2010 (Ineichen, 2000), however, due to HIV life expectancy in southern Africa, which reached 59 years in the early 1990s, is expected to fall to 45 years by 2010. In South Africa life expectancy was 45 years (1950)(1951)(1952)(1953)(1954)(1955) and rose to currently around 58 years (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000) but is expected to drop again over the next decade to 56 years (United Nations, 2003).…”

Section: Age-related Dementia and Debilitative Mental Disorders In Somentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Out of the approximately 100 studies of the prevalence of dementia that have been carried out worldwide, only a small number have been conducted in Africa (Ineichen, 1998(Ineichen, , 2000. In fact very few studies have taken place in developing countries, despite the fact that by 2025, an estimated 68% of the world's elderly will be living in them (Chandra et al, 1994).…”

Section: Age-related Dementia and Debilitative Mental Disorders In Somentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on plants with CNS-effects used in traditional South African medicine against mental diseases

Stafford

Pedersen

Staden

et al. 2008

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

200

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The epidemiology of dementia in Africa: a review

Cited by 40 publications

References 18 publications

Prevalences of dementia and cognitive impairment among older people in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Prevalences of dementia and cognitive impairment among older people in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review

Mild cognitive impairment and dementia in a heterogeneous elderly population: prevalence and risk profile

Review on plants with CNS-effects used in traditional South African medicine against mental diseases

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