The epidemiology of histoplasmosis: A review

Cano, Maria; Hajjeh, Rana

doi:10.1053/srin.2001.24241

Cited by 230 publications

(170 citation statements)

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“…Nonadherent cells were removed after 2 h and adherent cells were incubated in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS and 100 mg/ml gentamicin for 18 h. Adherent cells were mainly macrophages, as determined by cytocentrifuged smears stained by the Panó tico method. Using C57BL/6 cells, we first determined the F1 dose response (0.1-1000 g/ml) and time response (1,4,8,16, and 24 h). Based on these results, we chose 100 g/ml F1 and 8 h of stimulation as the optimal conditions for subsequent experiments.…”

Section: In Vitro Lipid Body Induction and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histoplasma capsulatum Cell Wall β-Glucan Induces Lipid Body Formation through CD18, TLR2, and Dectin-1 Receptors: Correlation with Leukotriene B4 Generation and Role in HIV-1 Infection

Sorgi

Secatto

Fontanari

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc) is a facultative, intracellular parasite of worldwide significance. Infection with Hc produces a broad spectrum of diseases and may progress to a life-threatening systemic disease, particularly in individuals with HIV infection. Resolution of histoplasmosis is associated with the activation of cell-mediated immunity, and leukotriene B4 plays an important role in this event. Lipid bodies (LBs) are increasingly being recognized as multifunctional organelles with roles in inflammation and infection. In this study, we investigated LB formation in histoplasmosis and its putative function in innate immunity. LB formation in leukocytes harvested from Hc-infected C57BL/6 mice peaks on day 2 postinfection and correlates with enhanced generation of lipid mediators, including leukotriene B4 and PGE2. Pretreatment of leukocytes with platelet-activating factor and BLT1 receptor antagonists showed that both lipid mediators are involved in cell signaling for LB formation. Alveolar leukocytes cultured with live or dead Hc also presented an increase in LB numbers. The yeast alkali-insoluble fraction 1, which contains mainly β-glucan isolated from the Hc cell wall, induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in LB numbers, indicating that β-glucan plays a signaling role in LB formation. In agreement with this hypothesis, β-glucan-elicited LB formation was inhibited in leukocytes from 5-LO−/−, CD18low and TLR2−/− mice, as well as in leukocytes pretreated with anti-Dectin-1 Ab. Interestingly, human monocytes from HIV-1-infected patients failed to produce LBs after β-glucan stimulation. These results demonstrate that Hc induces LB formation, an event correlated with eicosanoid production, and suggest a role for these lipid-enriched organelles in host defense during fungal infection.

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Section: In Vitro Lipid Body Induction and Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The causative organism, Histoplasma capsulatum (Hc), 3 is a dimorphic fungus with a yeast-like morphology in tissue (1). Infection with Hc produces a broad spectrum of diseases, and although the vast majority of exposed individuals recover without relapse, it may progress to life-threatening systemic disease, particularly in individuals with AIDS (2).…”

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confidence: 99%

Histoplasma capsulatum Cell Wall β-Glucan Induces Lipid Body Formation through CD18, TLR2, and Dectin-1 Receptors: Correlation with Leukotriene B4 Generation and Role in HIV-1 Infection

Sorgi

Secatto

Fontanari

et al. 2009

The Journal of Immunology

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“…4 The infection is characterized by a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from asymptomatic illness to severe disseminated histoplasmosis. 5 Most patients have respiratory symptoms. Acute histoplasmosis is usually a self-limited disease, with fever, chills, nonproductive cough, headaches, and generalized malaise.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Death in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome–associated Disseminated Histoplasmosis

Daher¹,

Barros²,

Silva³

et al. 2006

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We performed a retrospective study of 164 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with disseminated histoplasmosis to identify the risk factors for death. Death occurred in 32% of the cases. Univariate analysis identified the following risk factors: diarrhea (odds ratio [OR] ‫ס‬ 3.9, P ‫ס‬ 0.001), neurologic manifestations (OR ‫ס‬ 5.8, ; P ‫ס‬ 0.001), hemoglobin level < 8.0g/dL (OR ‫ס‬ 2.7, P ‫ס‬ 0.004), urea level 2 times the normal upper limit (OR ‫ס‬ 5.0, P < 0.001), creatinine level > 1.5 mg/dL (OR ‫ס‬ 2.9, P ‫ס‬ 0.005), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level > 2.5 times the normal upper limit (OR ‫ס‬ 3.1, P ‫ס‬ 0.01), respiratory insufficiency (OR ‫ס‬ 9.7, P < 0.001), sepsis (OR ‫ס‬ 20.2, P < 0.001), and acute renal failure (OR ‫ס‬ 2.5, P ‫ס‬ 0.011). A hemoglobin level < 8.0 g/dL (OR ‫ס‬ 3.8, P ‫ס‬ 0.008), an AST level Ն 2.5 times the normal limit (OR ‫ס‬ 1.0, P ‫ס‬ 0.007), acute renal failure (OR ‫ס‬ 2.96, P ‫ס‬ 0.015), and respiratory insufficiency (OR ‫ס‬ 12.2, P ‫ס‬ 0.01) were independent risk factors for death.

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“…Old abandoned buildings and caves often contain high concentrations of H. capsulatum 18 . Demolition of buildings, movement of soil, cleaning of bridge structures, and spelunking have been implicated as the point source for dispersal of the organism 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoplasmin Survey in Hiv-Positive Patients: Results From an Endemic Area in Northeastern Brazil

Bezerra

Zancopé‐Oliveira

Brilhante

et al. 2013

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYBackground. Disseminated histoplasmosis is common in AIDS patients with advanced immunosuppression in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of Histoplasma infection in patients with HIV/AIDS living in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará. Methods. Intradermal tests with histoplasmin (mycelial phase) were performed in 161 HIV patients with CD4 ≥ 350 cells/mm 3 . Evidence of recent illness was evaluated with immunodiffusion (ID) tests in 76 of these individuals. Results. A total of 11.8% of patients reacted to histoplasmin and 2.63% had ID test positive to Histoplasma. The presence of mango trees (Mangifera indica) in the patient neighborhood (OR = 2.870; 95% CI = 1.081-7.617; p = 0.040) and past activity involving soil (OR = 2.834; 95% CI = 1.045-7.687; p = 0.045) or visits to a farm (OR = 3.869; 95% CI = 1.189-12.591; p = 0.033) were significantly associated with Histoplasma infection. Conclusions. Patients with HIV living in Fortaleza have an expressive prevalence of infection with Histoplasma.

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The epidemiology of histoplasmosis: A review

Cited by 230 publications

References 0 publications

Histoplasma capsulatum Cell Wall β-Glucan Induces Lipid Body Formation through CD18, TLR2, and Dectin-1 Receptors: Correlation with Leukotriene B4 Generation and Role in HIV-1 Infection

Histoplasma capsulatum Cell Wall β-Glucan Induces Lipid Body Formation through CD18, TLR2, and Dectin-1 Receptors: Correlation with Leukotriene B4 Generation and Role in HIV-1 Infection

Risk Factors for Death in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome–associated Disseminated Histoplasmosis

Histoplasmin Survey in Hiv-Positive Patients: Results From an Endemic Area in Northeastern Brazil

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