The Epidemiology of Hospitalized Postpartum Depression in New York State, 1995–2004

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the patterns of hospitalization for depression in the year following delivery in relation to social, demographic, and behavioral characteristics. Methods Data on fetal deliveries were linked to hospitalizations for depression over the subsequent year in order to describe the frequency and patterns of hospitalized postpartum depression among 2,355,886 deliveries in New York State from 1995 – 2004. We identified “definite postpartum depression” based on ICD codes indicative of “mental disorders specific to pregnancy,” and “possible postpartum depression” by ICD codes for hospitalization with any depressive disorders. Results In New York State, we identified 1,363 women (5.8 per 10,000) who were hospitalized with definite postpartum depression, and 6,041 women (25.6 per 10,000) with possible postpartum depression, with lower risks in the New York City area. Postpartum depression was more common in later years and among mothers who were older, Black, smokers, lacking private insurance, and with multiple gestations, and was rarer among Asians. For possible postpartum depression, socioeconomic gradients were enhanced. Conclusions Risk of hospitalized postpartum depression is strongly associated with socioeconomic deprivation and varies markedly by ethnicity, with direct implications for screening and health services, also providing suggestions for etiologic studies.

Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels measured 24 hours after delivery and postpartum depression

“…1,2 The risk of a woman developing PPD within the first year after childbirth is estimated to be approximately 10-40%, depending on the study sample and methodology. 3,4 Symptom onset in PPD is usually during the first 3 months' postpartum. The condition can last for a few weeks to 6 months or more and, if untreated, can increase the risk of serious outcomes -these include chronicity of the depression, suicide and infanticide, disruption of the marital relationship and adverse effects on child development.…”

Postpartum Depression and the Affordable Care Act: Recommendations for Social Work Educators

“…While some researchers have found the rates of postpartum depression to be higher in rural areas (Villegas, McKay, Dennis, & Ross, 2011), others have reported the prevalence to be higher in urban areas (Clare & Yeh, 2012). Likewise, various researchers have found differences among racial and ethnic groups (Gress-Smith, Luecken, Lemery-Chalfant, & Howe, 2012;Savitz, Stein, Ye, Kellerman, & Silverman, 2011) and the likelihood that the rates for low-income mothers and for mothers of color are higher than estimated (CDC, 2008;Dolbier, et al, 2013;Gress-Smith et al, 2012;Lara et al, 2015).…”

Risk of postnatal depression or suicide after in vitro fertilisation treatment: a nationwide case–control study

“…However, studies have shown that the prevalence of PND cases that require psychiatric care is 0.3% 3 and that the prevalence of hospitalizations due to PND is 0.06%-0.26% 4 . Apart from the negative effects on the woman's health, PND can also have a negative impact on mother-child interaction and child development [5][6][7] .…”