The epidemiology of infections with Giardia species and genotypes in well cared for dogs and cats in Germany

Pallant, Louise; Barutzki, D.; Schaper, Roland; Thompson, RC Andrew

doi:10.1186/s13071-014-0615-2

Cited by 74 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…The Giardia positivity rates in dogs in our study was in the upper range of results reported in other German studies using similar methods where prevalence rates of 2%-30% (dogs) and 1%-25% (cats) were described (Barutzki & Schaper, 2011;Becker et al, 2012;Pallant, Barutzki, Schaper, & Thompson, 2015;Sommer, Rupp, Pietsch, Kaspar, & Beelitz, 2018). For humans, no cross-sectional study in Germany exists but the Giardia positivity rate of approximately 4% reported in our study is in good concordance with expected values (Caccio & Sprong, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Giardia duodenalis in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study

Rehbein

Klotz

Ignatius

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Giardia duodenalis is a relevant gastrointestinal protozoan pathogen of humans and animals. This species complex consists of eight genetically different assemblages. Assemblages A and B are pathogenic to humans and pets, thus confer zoonotic potential. The risk of zoonotic transmission has been controversially discussed. The aim of this monocentric cross‐sectional pilot study was to investigate G. duodenalis assemblages in humans and pets living in common households in Berlin/Brandenburg (Germany). Samples from dogs, cats and humans sharing the same households were screened for Giardia infection by antigen‐detecting assays. All human samples were additionally analysed by a Giardia‐specific qPCR. Cyst quantification and sequences of different gene loci (triosephosphate isomerase (tpi), glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh), β‐giardin (bg) and for dogs SSUrDNA) were analysed. A total of 38 households (31 households with dogs and seven with cats) with 69 human individuals participated in the study. Initial antigen‐detecting assays revealed Giardia‐positive results for 13 (39%) canine, one (14%) feline and one human sample. Reanalysis of the human samples by qPCR revealed two more positive specimens (4%). Two of these three samples were identified as assemblage B at all tested loci. Success rate of assemblage typing for pet samples was generally low and comprised mainly the SSUrDNA locus only. Overall, six of 13 Giardia‐positive canine samples were typable (2× A, 1× co‐infection: A and B, 1× C; 2× D). One pair of samples (dog and human) from the same household had a similar but not identical assemblage B sequence at tpi locus. Assemblage A was also detected in the dog specimen, which hampered sequence analysis. In conclusion, although exhibiting limitations due to the sample size, our study highlights the need for better and standardized typing tools to distinguish G. duodenalis strains with higher resolution in order to perform proper case–control studies for a realistic estimation of zoonotic risk.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Giardia duodenalis in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study

Rehbein

Klotz

Ignatius

et al. 2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…In dogs, the host-specific assemblages C and D dominated, which has been described before in various studies [23, 24, 36, 57–62]. Few dogs were (co)- infected with assemblage A, and the majority of these were identified as sub-assemblage AI.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Abundance, zoonotic potential and risk factors of intestinal parasitism amongst dog and cat populations: The scenario of Crete, Greece

Kostopoulou

Claerebout

Arvanitis³

et al. 2017

Parasites Vectors

110

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BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to evaluate the prevalence and infection intensity of intestinal parasites in different dog and cat populations in Crete, Greece, estimate the zoonotic risk and identify risk factors.MethodsFaecal samples from shelter, household and shepherd dogs and shelter and household cats were analyzed using sedimentation/flotation techniques. Giardia and Cryptosporidium were detected by a quantitative direct immunofluorescence assay (IFA). PCR and sequencing was performed to evaluate the zoonotic potential of Giardia and Cryptosporidium positive samples.ResultsTotals of 879 dog and 264 cat faecal samples were examined. In dogs, the overall prevalence was 25.2% (CI: 22.4–28.1) for Giardia spp.; 9.2% (CI: 7.3–11.1) for Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.; 7.6% (CI: 5.9–9.4) for Toxocara spp.; 5.9% (CI: 4.4–7.5) for Cryptosporidium spp.; 4.6% (CI: 3.2–5.9) for Cystoisospora spp.; 2.7% (CI: 1.7–3.8) for Toxascaris leonina; 1.7% (CI: 0.9–2.6) for Capillaria spp.; 0.8% (CI: 0.2–1.4) for taeniid eggs; 0.2% (CI: 0–0.5) for Dipylidium caninum; and 0.1% (CI: 0–0.3) for Strongyloides stercoralis. In cats, the prevalence was 20.5% (CI: 15.6–25.3) for Giardia spp.; 9.5% (CI: 5.9–13.0) for Cystoisospora spp.; 8.3% (CI: 5.0–11.7) for Toxocara spp.; 7.6% (CI: 4.4–10.8) for Ancylostoma/Uncinaria spp.; 6.8% (CI: 3.8–9.9) for Cryptosporidium spp.; 4.2% (CI: 1.8–6.6) for Capillaria spp.; 0.8% (CI: 0–1.8) for taeniid eggs; and 0.4% (CI: 0–1.1) for Hammondia/Toxoplasma. Concerning the risk factors evaluated, there was a negative association between age and Giardia infection and between age and T. leonina infection intensity for dogs. Sequencing results revealed the presence of mainly animal-specific G. duodenalis assemblages C and D in dogs and assemblages F, C and BIV-like in cats, with only a limited number of (co-)infections with assemblage A. As for Cryptosporidium, the dog-specific C. canis and the pig-specific C. scrofarum were detected in dogs and the cat-specific C. felis was detected in cats.ConclusionsHigh levels of parasitism in both dogs and cats were recorded. Giardia was the most prevalent parasite in all dog and cat populations except for shepherd dogs. Genotyping results suggest a limited zoonotic risk of Giardia and Cryptosporidium infections from dogs and cats in Crete. Taeniid eggs were more prevalent in shepherd dogs suggesting access to carcasses and posing a threat for cystic echinococcosis transmission. Infection rates of Toxocara spp. in both dogs and cats show that companion animals could be a significant source of infection to humans.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-017-1989-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…La alta prevalencia en este estudio dado a sus condiciones ecológico-ambientales puede significar un potencial zoonótico transmitidas por mascotas (Thompson, 2000) y en estudios previos han evidenciado la presencia de cerca de ocho genotipos distintos de Giardia spp, con capacidad infecciosa inter-especie (Fava et al 2016), siendo los genotipos (A y B) lo mas importantes dado su capacidad de infección en perros (Canis familiaris), los gatos (Felis catus) y humanos (Fava et al 2016;Lalle et al 2005;Pallant et al 2015;Thompson 2000).…”

Section: Tabla 2 Variable Aspecto Y Positividad a Giardia Duodenalisunclassified

“…Sin embargo, se describe la frecuencia de Giardia spp., en los animales jóvenes (Bouzid et al 2015;Pallant et al 2015), pero Sierra (2015) no encontró asociación estadística respecto a la edad y la prevalencias de parásitos intestinales (p > 0,05) (Sierra 2015; Pallant et al 2015).…”

Section: Tabla 2 Variable Aspecto Y Positividad a Giardia Duodenalisunclassified

Prevalencia de Giardia duodenalis en un albergue canino, Caldas, Antioquia (2015)

Cabrera¹,

Díaz²

2016

J. agric. anim. sci.

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Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de la Giardia duodenalis, en un albergue canino en el municipio de Caldas, Antioquia, Colombia y sus implicaciones en el estado sanitario. Materiales y métodos. Fueron sometidos 88 caninos a un examen coprológico completo y posteriormente se hizo evaluación de su estado sanitario a través de un examen clínico completo y hemoleucograma. Los pacientes fueron categorizados por sexo, edad, registro dental, estado racial y condición física en la escala 1-5. En cuanto al examen microscópico se evaluaron en las heces en cuanto a aspecto, color, presencia de moco, grasa, fibras vegetales, bacterias, leucocitos y quistes de Giardia spp., en escala estándar de cruces de 0-3. Resultados. La prevalencia fue del 54,54%. 27 hembras y 21 machos positivos, con proporción de infección del 50% y 61,76% respectivamente, la edad promedio fue de 5 años y el 99% de los ejemplares es mestizo. No hubo asociación entre la presencia del protozoario y variables como la grasa, almidón y fibra vegetal con p > 0,05 al igual que la relación con el hemoleucograma. La parasitosis encontrada representa un riesgo en la salud animal y humana. Conclusión:.es indicado el estudio de la dinámica en la transmisión del G. duodenalis basado en la epidemiologia molecular y su asociación con fuentes de infección, vías de transmisión, signos clínicos y factores predisponentes para demostrar el posible carácter zoonótico de la giardiasis en los albergues caninos en Colombia.

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The epidemiology of infections with Giardia species and genotypes in well cared for dogs and cats in Germany

Cited by 74 publications

References 58 publications

Giardia duodenalis in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study

Giardia duodenalis in small animals and their owners in Germany: A pilot study

Abundance, zoonotic potential and risk factors of intestinal parasitism amongst dog and cat populations: The scenario of Crete, Greece

Prevalencia de Giardia duodenalis en un albergue canino, Caldas, Antioquia (2015)

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