The epidemiology of leisure physical activity in an adolescent population

Aaron, Deborah J.; Kriska, Andrea M.; Dearwater, Stephen R.; Anderson, R.; Olsen, Todd; Cauley, Jane A.; LaPorte, Ronald E.

doi:10.1249/00005768-199307000-00014

Cited by 175 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…[18] A rapid decline in physical activity with age has been reported [1,19], especially in girls. [20][21][22] Our data did not show this rapid change in activity level, but did demonstrate a steady decline in activity starting at age 15 in both boys and girls.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Adolescent Physical Activity and Perceived Competence: Does Change in Activity Level Impact Self-Perception?

Stein

Fisher

Berkey

et al. 2007

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose-To determine whether change in physical activity level impacts adolescents' selfperceptions.Methods-Using questionnaire responses from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) in 1997 and 1999, we evaluated data from 5,260 girls and 3,410 boys. Physical activity changes were compared to changes in perceived competence in 3 domains (social, athletic, and scholastic) as well as in global self-worth. Analyses controlled for sibling clustering as well as for potential confounders, including body mass index, cigarette smoking, baseline activity levels, and baseline self-perception scores.Results-For girls and boys, increase in physical activity was positively associated with change in social and athletic (p<0.0001), but not scholastic or global. self-perception. Compared to those with little or no change in activity, those who increased physical activity were more likely to have increased self-perception measures. Girls who increased physical activity by 5 or more hours/week were at least 33% more likely to have increased social self-perception, and at least 44% more likely to have increased athletic self-perception. In boys, those who increased activity by 10 or more hours/week were 45% more likely to have increased social self-perception. The reverse was also true; for both girls and boys, those with decreased physical activity were more likely to have decreased selfperception scores.Conclusions-This research indicates that increased physical activity has a positive impact on athletic and social self-perception in girls and boys.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Adolescent Physical Activity and Perceived Competence: Does Change in Activity Level Impact Self-Perception?

Stein

Fisher

Berkey

et al. 2007

Journal of Adolescent Health

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“…However, the magnitude of increase in insulin sensitivity on a low-fat diet was greater in AW women (36). Conversely, low levels of physical activity and physical fitness, which have been described in AA children, may also play a role (37)(38)(39). However, in one study, neither physical activity nor maximum oxygen consumption could explain the racial difference in insulin secretion and sensitivity (39).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Hyperinsulinemia in African-American Children

et al. 2002

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African-American (AA) children are hyperinsulinemic and insulin resistant compared with American White (AW) children. This study investigated 1) whether AA/AW differences in insulinemia are associated with differences in insulin clearance; 2) whether dietary patterns, mainly carbohydrate and fat intake, play a role; and 3) whether the quantitative relationship between insulin sensitivity and secretion is similar between AA and AW children. Forty-four prepubertal children (22 AA and 22 AW) with comparable body composition and visceral adiposity were studied. All underwent a 3-h hyperinsulinemic (40 mU ⅐ m ؊2 ⅐ min ؊1)-euglycemic clamp to calculate insulin sensitivity and insulin clearance and a 2-h hyperglycemic clamp (12.5 mmol/l) to assess first-and second-phase insulin responses. Twenty-four-hour food recalls were analyzed for macronutrient intake. Insulin clearance (19.5 ؎ 0.7 vs. 22.9 ؎ 1.1 ml ⅐ min ؊1 ⅐ kg ؊1 fat-free mass [FFM]; P ‫؍‬ 0.011) and insulin sensitivity were lower in AA versus AW children (14.8 ؎ 1.0 vs. 18.9 ؎ 1.4 mol ⅐ min ؊1 ⅐ kg ؊1 FFM; P ‫؍‬ 0.021). Both insulin clearance and insulin sensitivity correlated inversely with dietary fat/carbohydrate ratio, which was higher in AA than in white children. Fasting C-peptide and insulin were higher in AA children with no difference in proinsulin levels. First-and second-phase insulin concentrations and glucose disposition index (insulin sensitivity ؋ first-phase insulin) were higher in AA than in white children (12.8 ؎ 2.1 vs. 7.2 ؎ 0.6 mol ⅐ min ؊1 ⅐ kg ؊1 FFM; P ‫؍‬ 0.019). In conclusion, the hyperinsulinemia observed in AA children is due to both lower insulin clearance and higher insulin secretion compared with their white peers. The quantitative relationship between insulin secretion and sensitivity is upregulated in AA children. This suggests that increased insulin secretion in AA children is not merely a compensatory response to lower insulin sensitivity. Dietary factors may have a role. Additional studies are needed to determine whether metabolic/nutritional factors, possibly mediated through free fatty acids, may play a role in the hyperinsulinism observed in AA children. Diabetes 51:3014 -3019, 2002

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“…20 However, a study of American adolescents aged 12 ± 16 y, resident in Pittsburgh, reported that physical activity participation was unrelated to SES. 21 A study of German adolescents 22 found that lower SES boys participated in more moderate-intensity activity and that higher SES boys participated in more vigorous activity. No relationship between physical activity and SES was found among the German girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic distribution of measures of body fatness among children and adolescents in New South Wales, Australia

et al. 1999

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BACKGROUND: Obesity in childhood and adolescence is associated with health problems, increases in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and a greater likelihood of becoming overweight as an adult. A description of the sociodemographic distribution of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents in the population may allow us to determine if health promotion resources should be differentially allocated to particular groups. METHODS: The New South Wales Schools Fitness and Physical Activity Survey, 1997 (n 5518) was a cross-sectional survey which measured height, weight, waist and hip girths and skinfold thicknesses of randomly selected New South Wales students in school years 4, 6, 8 and 10. Height and weight only were measured among Year 2 students. The mean ages of students in school years 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 were 7.3 y, 9.3 y, 11.3 y, 13.3 y and 15.3 y, respectively. The values of body mass index (BMI), waist girth, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and sum of three skinfolds for students resident in urban and rural areas and in tertiles of socioeconomic status (SES) were compared. RESULTS: There were no differences on any of the anthropometric measures between urban and rural boys and girls, with the exception that WHR was higher among urban girls. Among boys, there were no differences between the SES tertiles on any of the measures. Among girls, each of the anthropometric measures (except sum of skinfolds) was inversely associated with SES, with body fatness tending to be lower in the high SES tertile, compared with the low and middle SES tertiles. None of the statistical interactions between school year and body fatness was signi®cant, suggesting that the relationship is consistent from childhood to adolescence. CONCLUSION: On the basis of these results, we suggest that health promotion programs aimed at weight management among Australian girls of lower SES are not warranted. We recommend that health promotion programs emphasize regular physical activity, a healthy diet and acceptance of the normal range of body shapes.

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The epidemiology of leisure physical activity in an adolescent population

Cited by 175 publications

References 0 publications

Adolescent Physical Activity and Perceived Competence: Does Change in Activity Level Impact Self-Perception?

Adolescent Physical Activity and Perceived Competence: Does Change in Activity Level Impact Self-Perception?

Hyperinsulinemia in African-American Children

Sociodemographic distribution of measures of body fatness among children and adolescents in New South Wales, Australia

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