The epidemiology of nematode infections in sheep in a cool tropical environment

Tembely, S.; Lahlou-Kassi, A.; Rege, J.E.O.; Sovani, S.; Diedhiou, M.L.; Baker, R. L.

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(96)01144-2

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Among these Trichostrongylus, Bunostomum, Haemonchus and Cooperia were the dominant genera in all the three districts. Reports from various parts of Ethiopia indicated that the genera Trichostrongylus, Haemonchus and Bunostomum are widely spread (Abebe Wossene and Esayas Gelaye, 2001 ;Tembely et al, 1997;Amenu Asha and Abebe Wossene, 2007;Bersissa Kumsa and Ajebu Nurfeta, 2008;Rahmeto Abebe et al, 2010;Molalegne Bitew et al, 2011 ;Tesfaheywet Zeryehun, 2012;Gonfa Shankute et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in three districts of Kaffa and Bench Maji Zones, Southwest Ethiopia

Kenea¹,

Bekele²,

Sheferaw³

2015

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and to identify the genera of gastrointestinal strongyles infecting sheep goats in Chena and Gimbo (Kaffa Zone) and Semen-Bench (Bench Maji zones) districts, Southwest Ethiopia. A total of 800 faecal samples were collected from sheep (n=492) and goats (n=308), and then examined by floatation technique. Positive faecal samples were pooled and cultured and third stage larvae (L 3 ) were harvested and identified. From 800 examined faecal sample 433 (54.1 %) were positive for gastrointestinal parasites eggs. Among the risk factors considered in this study age, body condition and history of previous deworming showed significant (P < 0.05) association with gastrointestinal parasites prevalence. Strongyle type eggs dominated the spectrum of infections, where by 73.1% sheep and 72.8% goats were positive for strongyles infection. From the pooled faecal sample culture seven nematode genera were identified in all the study districts (Chena, Gimbo and Semen-Bench) and both in sheep and goats. These genera include Bunostomum, Chabertia, Cooperia, Haemonchus, Oesophagostomum, Teladorsagia and Trichostrongylus. Among these Trichostrongylus, Bunostomum, Haemonchus and Cooperia were the dominant genera in all the three districts. This study indicated that gastrointestinal parasites were among the serious health problem both in sheep and goats in Kaffa and Bench Maji zones. Further study is required to identify the prevailing parasite species and assess the seasonal dynamics of the gastrointestinal parasites in the study areas and thereby to design appropriate control methods that enable to overcome the existing problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in three districts of Kaffa and Bench Maji Zones, Southwest Ethiopia

Kenea¹,

Bekele²,

Sheferaw³

2015

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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“…In Ethiopia, helminthosis mostly in the form of gastro-enteritis is considered as the major cause of reduced productivity in sheep and goats (Tembely et al,.;. Many studies carried out in different parts of the country have shown that H. contortus is one of the most prevalent and economically important parasites of small ruminants (Deasalegn Lidetu, 1999;Abebe Wossene and Esayas Gelaye, 2001;Bersissa Kumssa, 2004;Amenu Asha, 2005;Dereje Shiferaw, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The parasite mainly affects the abomasal mucosa of its host. Adult worms feed on blood and can cause severe anaemia, resulting in poor growth rate and weight loss, and heavy infections can cause death (Miller et al,., 1998;Tembely et al,., 1997, Waller et al,., 2004. Host responses to infection by nematode parasites vary depending on intrinsic factors such as host breed, sex, age as well as nematode species involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infection of Ethiopian highland sheep by different infective doses of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> (L<sub>3</sub>): haematological and parasitological parameters, serum protein concentrations and clinical responses

Kelkele¹,

Tolossa²,

Kassa³

2012

Ethiop. Vet. J.

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The study was conducted to examine changes in haematological and their eventual associations with parasitological parameters and clinical responses in experimentally infected Ethiopian highland sheep by increased doses of Haemonchus contortus infective larvae (L3). A total of 24 male sheep were allotted in to four equal groups: a single dose of 2 000, 4 000, or 6 000 infective larvae of Haemonchus contortus (L3) was orally administered to animals from the first 3 groups whereas the last group not treated and served as negative control. The faecal egg count (EPG), the body weight as well as haematological parameters (haematocrit and eosinophils counts) and proteinaemia were measured throughout the experimental 13 weeks long period and worm burden and sex ratio were assessed at necropsy. The infection was confirmed by the occurrence of the faecal egg excretion and by the presence of adult worms in abomasums. All Haemonchus infected sheep exhibited a progressive and severe anaemia characterized by marked reductions of haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit, associated with weight loss and growth retardation and on the contrary with strongly and transiently increased eosinophil population compared to control animals (P<0.01). Except for proteinemia, parasitological, clinical and haematological alterations were significantly proportional to the parasite load. Moreover, the eosinophil counts, the adult worm population and the egg excretion positively and significantly correlated together, whereas they were negatively associated with body weight, proteinemia and the other haematological parameters. All experimentally infected animals appeared to be highly susceptible to the infection by Haemonchus contortus and the severity of the haemonchosis was clearly related to the infective dose.

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“…Factors including temperature, rainfall, humidity and vegetation cover, influence patterns of parasite development (Coyne et al, 1992;Krecek et al, 1992;Tembely et al, 1997). In most tropical and sub-tropical countries, temperatures in the environment are permanently favourable for larval development.…”

Section: Extrinsic Factors the Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and challenges in the effective and sustainable control ofHaemonchus contortusinfection in sheep. Review

2007

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Summary :Haemonchosis, with its very wide distribution, has become a very important production constraint in sheep farms in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions worldwide. Various intrinsic and extrinsic factors determine the survival of Haemonchus contortus and hence the development of the disease in the animal. In general, control of gastrointestinal nematode infestation in sheep relies heavily on anthelmintic treatments. However, the indiscriminate use of these drugs has led to the widespread emergence of drug resistant strains of parasites, that has necessitated the development and use of various parasite control methods such as grazing management, biological agents and vaccines and the selection of resistant breeds of animals, with or without moderate use of anthelmintics. The ultimate goal of such control programs is to enhance productivity, while minimising risks regarding drug resistance and consumer and environmental concerns. This review attempts to highlight the different methods employed in the control of haemonchosis in sheep and the practical limitations associated with both control programs and the internal and external factors associated with the parasite and its microenvironment. Résumé : MOYENS DE LUTTE CONTRE HAEMONCHUS CONTORTUS

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The epidemiology of nematode infections in sheep in a cool tropical environment

Cited by 62 publications

References 17 publications

Gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in three districts of Kaffa and Bench Maji Zones, Southwest Ethiopia

Gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in three districts of Kaffa and Bench Maji Zones, Southwest Ethiopia

Experimental infection of Ethiopian highland sheep by different infective doses of <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> (L<sub>3</sub>): haematological and parasitological parameters, serum protein concentrations and clinical responses

Trends and challenges in the effective and sustainable control ofHaemonchus contortusinfection in sheep. Review

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