The epidemiology of porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis in communities of the Central Highlands in Vietnam

Ng-Nguyen, Dinh; Noh, John; Breen, Kathleen; Stevenson, Mark; Handali, Sukwan; Traub, Rebecca J.

doi:10.1186/s13071-018-2945-y

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Information on the prevalence of and risk factors for taeniasis and T. solium cysticercosis in the central and southern areas of Vietnam is scarce and outdated [ 12 ]. In Dak Lak province, there is no information available on the infection status of T. saginata in livestock, however our research data on the seroprevalence of cysticercosis in pigs was 0.95% [ 13 ]. A previous study carried out by our group using a newly developed multiplex real-time PCR found the prevalence of Taenia solium, T. saginata and T. asiatica taeniasis to be 1.2%, 5.8% and 1.5%, respectively in Dak Lak province [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of Taenia spp. infection and Taenia solium cysticerci exposure in humans in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

et al. 2018

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BackgroundVietnam is endemic for taeniasis and T. solium cysticercosis. Despite this, information on the epidemiological characteristics of the diseases in the Central Highlands of Vietnam are poorly described. The aims of this study were to determine the epidemiological characteristics of taeniasis (Taenia spp.) and T. solium cysticerci exposure in humans in Dak Lak province in the Central Highlands, Vietnam.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out in six villages in three districts of Dak Lak. A total of 190 households were visited. From each household, between one and five individuals were asked to donate a single faecal and blood sample and respond to a questionnaire. Serum samples were subjected to lentil lectin purified glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay to detect antibodies against T. solium cysticerci. Multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect Taenia spp. infection in faecal samples. A fixed-effects logistic regression model was developed to identify factors associated with the probability of Taenia spp. infection or T. solium cysticerci exposure risk. The contribution of each of identified factor was quantified using population attributable fractions.ResultsThe prevalence of seroexposure to T. solium in Dak Lak was 5% (95% CI 3% to 8%). Consumption of raw vegetables, sourcing drinking water from lakes, streams or ponds and the practice of outdoor defaecation were identified as primary risk factors for the prevalence of T. solium cysticerci exposure, while consuming undercooked pork and beef, pork tongue and observing Taenia proglottids in stool were associated with Taenia spp. infection. Consumption of raw vegetables attributed to 74% of T. solium cysticerci exposure-positive cases and consumption of undercooked beef attributed to 77% of taeniasis cases in these communities.ConclusionsThe prevalence of T. solium seroexposure in Dak Lak is consistent with those reported in other regions of Vietnam. The identified risk factors associated with the prevalence of T. solium seroexposure and taeniasis infection in Dak Lak are modifiable and thus advocate for targeted community intervention programs to mitigating these risks.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-018-3434-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The epidemiology of Taenia spp. infection and Taenia solium cysticerci exposure in humans in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

et al. 2018

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“…solium -positive Peruvian pig sera and four T . hydatigena necropsy-positive Vietnamese pig sera [ 24 ]. The performance of the rT24H-EITB assay was carried out using the methodology described by Noh et al 2014 [ 25 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial distribution of Taenia solium exposure in humans and pigs in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

et al. 2018

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BackgroundTaenia solium, a pork-borne parasitic zoonosis, is the cause of taeniasis and cysticercosis in humans. In Vietnam, poor sanitation, the practice of outdoor defecation and consumption of raw/undercooked pork have been associated with infection/exposure to T. solium in both humans and pigs. The broad-scale geographic distribution of the prevalence of T. solium varies throughout the country with infection restricted to isolated foci in the north and a more sporadic geographic distribution in the Central Highlands and the south. While cross-sectional studies have allowed the broad-scale geographic distribution of T. solium to be described, details of the geographic distribution of T. solium at finer spatial scales have not been described in detail. This study provides a descriptive spatial analysis of T. solium exposure in humans and pigs and T. solium taeniasis in humans within individual households in village communities of Dak Lak in the Central Highlands of Vietnam.Methodology/Principal findingsWe used Ripley’s K-function to describe spatial dependence in T. solium exposure positive and negative human and pig households and T. solium taeniasis exposure positive and negative households in villages within the districts of Buon Don, Krong Nang and M’Drak of Dak Lak province in the Central Highlands of Vietnam. The prevalence of exposure to T. solium in pigs in Dak Lak province was 9 (95% CI 5 to 17) cases per 1000 pigs at risk. The prevalence of exposure to the parasite in humans was somewhat higher at 5 (95% CI 3 to 8) cases per 100 individuals at risk. Spatial aggregations of T. solium exposure-positive pig and human households occurred in some, but not all of the villages in the three study districts. Human exposure-positive households were found to be aggregated within a distance of 200 to 300 m in villages in Krong Nang district compared with distances of up to 1500 m for pig exposure-positive households in villages in M’Drak district. Although this study demonstrated the aggregation of households in which either T. solium exposure- or taeniasis-positive individuals were present, we were unable to identify an association between the two due to the very low number of T. solium taeniasis-positive households.ConclusionsSpatial aggregations of T. solium exposure-positive pig and human households occurred in some, but not all of the villages in the three study districts. We were unable to definitively identify reasons for these findings but speculate that they were due to a combination of demographic, anthropological and micro-environmental factors. To more definitively identify characteristics that increase cysticercosis risk we propose that cross-sectional studies similar in design to that described in this paper should be applied in other provinces of Vietnam.

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“…Although Southeast Asia is considered endemic for porcine cysticercosis, taeniasis and human cysticercosis may not be endemic to Vietnam specifically [31,35]. Few recent studies have assessed the illness burden of human taeniasis and cysticercosis in Vietnam, and there is no wholly reliable estimate of its prevalence [36].…”

Section: Streptococcus Suis Streptococcus Suis Is a Zoonoticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Biological and Chemical Health Risks Associated with Pork Consumption in Vietnam: Major Pathogens and Hazards Identified in Southeast Asia

Cook

Pham-Duc

2019

Journal of Food Quality

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Foodborne illness is a difficult public health burden to measure, with accurate incidence data usually evading disease surveillance systems. Yet, the global scope of foodborne disease and its impacts on socioeconomic development make it an important health risk to address, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In Vietnam, rapid development has seen large-scale commercial operations rise to coexist amongst traditional value chains in the food landscape, most of which operates outside of a domestic food safety network. Rapid socioeconomic development has also seen an increase in meat consumption, with pork being the most consumed meat product nationally. Expanding pork value chains, and the increasing diversity of actors within them, facilitates the growth and propagation of hazards which are passed onto Vietnamese consumers. In order to guide illness prevention and governance efforts, this review was conducted to examine health risks associated with pork consumption in Vietnam. Synthesis of the available literature provided evidence that Salmonella spp. bacteria are a major cause of foodborne illness from Vietnamese pork products. However, contaminants of global concern, including Salmonella spp. and Trichinella spiralis, occur alongside those considered neglected tropical diseases, such as Taenia solium. Infections and complications associated with ingestion of Streptococcus suis bacteria are also an issue, with Streptococcus suis infections usually limited to occupational infections amongst meat handlers in modernised value chains. A risk factor underscoring transmission of Trichinella spiralis, Taenia solium, and Streptococcus suis in Vietnam that emerges from the literature is the consumption of dishes containing raw or undercooked pork. Available data indicates that infections associated with raw pork consumption disproportionately affect men and people in regional mountainous areas of northwest Vietnam, where many of Vietnam’s ethnic minority communities reside. In addition, epidemiological data from recorded disease outbreaks that result from raw pork consumption demonstrate that these outbreaks usually follow major sociocultural events such as weddings, funerals, and Lunar New Year celebrations. Potential health impacts resulting from residues of antibiotics and heavy metals are also cause for concern, though the direct links between chemical contaminants in food and the development of disease are difficult to conclusively deduce.

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The epidemiology of porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis in communities of the Central Highlands in Vietnam

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

The epidemiology of Taenia spp. infection and Taenia solium cysticerci exposure in humans in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

The epidemiology of Taenia spp. infection and Taenia solium cysticerci exposure in humans in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

Spatial distribution of Taenia solium exposure in humans and pigs in the Central Highlands of Vietnam

Review of Biological and Chemical Health Risks Associated with Pork Consumption in Vietnam: Major Pathogens and Hazards Identified in Southeast Asia

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