The Epidemiology of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Johnson, Jennifer; Maxwell, Andrea; Galea, Sandro

doi:10.3928/00485713-20090514-01

Cited by 24 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…This study aimed at reevaluating the association between levels of DSM 5 PTSD symptoms with several of these variables, including, gender, peritraumatic dissociation, social support, levels of objective and subjective threat, and trait tendency for forgiveness -variables which have been associated with PTSD symptoms in previous studies prior to modifications in the DSM 5 for PTSD (Ballenger et al 2000;Brewin et al 2000;Norris et al 2002;Ozer et al 2003;Gil 2005;Kessler et al 2005;Johnson et al 2009;Jaksic et al 2012). Specifically, 501 Israeli civilians living in missile attack areas were assessed during the ongoing Gaza war.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk Factors for DSM 5 PTSD Symptoms in Israeli Civilians During the Gaza War

Gil

Weinberg

2015

European Psychiatry

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Background: In light of the current modifications presented in the diagnostic criteria of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the DSM 5, this study aimed at revalidating well-known PTSD risk factors, including gender, peritraumatic dissociation, social support, level of threat, and trait tendency for forgiveness. Method: Five hundred and one Israeli civilians were assessed during real-time exposure to missile and rocket fire at the eruption of the Gaza war. Assessments took place approximately one to 2 weeks after the beginning of this military operation, relying on web administration of the study, which allowed simultaneous data collection from respondents in the three regions in Israel that were under attack. Results: A structural equation model design revealed that higher levels of forgiveness toward situations were associated with fewer PTSD symptoms, whereas peritraumatic dissociation and high levels of objective and subjective threat were positively associated with PTSD symptoms. Additionally, females were at higher risk for PTSD symptoms than males. Conclusions: The findings of this study provide further evidence for the importance of directing preventive attention to those vulnerable to the development of elevated levels of PTSD symptoms. Theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies in the field (e.g., Ozer et al 2003;Johnson and Thompson 2008;Johnson et al 2009) have identified several significant variables as risk factors, mainly a history of traumatic exposure, age, and gender (with female at higher risk for PTSD), as well as genetic factors (e.g., Ballenger et al 2000;Norris et al 2002;Kessler et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for DSM 5 PTSD Symptoms in Israeli Civilians During the Gaza War

Gil

Weinberg

2015

European Psychiatry

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“…Nevertheless, exposure to a traumatic event by itself is not a suffi cient precondition for subsequent PTSD. Th e professional literature has demonstrated that only a minority of individuals who were exposure to trauma developed PTSD or other trauma-related disorders (Ozer, Best, Lipsey, Weiss 2003;Johnson, Th ompson 2008;Johnson, Maxwell, Galea 2009). Aside from the exposure to the traumatic event, other variables have been examined as PTSD risk factors.…”

Section: Post-trauma C Stress Disorder and Acute Stress Disorders Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationships between on-going terror attacks, military operations and wars and the well-being of Jewish and Arab three generations civilians in Israel

Ron¹,

Ron²

2017

ZPS

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Between the state of Israel independent declaration in 1948, until this very days, wars, military operations and on-going national terror had been its daily routine to cope with. Th e main goal of this study was to review published studies on the impact of those extreme negative life events on the well-being and mental health of various groups of Arab and Jewish civilians in Israel. In addition, this study emphasizes well-known PTSD risk factors related to terrorism, military operations and war in Israel, as well as dissociative symptoms, ASD symptoms, and Death anxiety. Th e study also deals with some of the background characteristics, the internal and the external resources of the individual, in three age groups, which can take the role of mediator variables between those negative events and the populations' well-being. Th e literature published in Israel from the beginning of studding those subjects, available up to January 2017, was systematically reviewed. About thirteen studies on the impact of on-going terror attacks and risk factors for distress, trauma and PTSD and, about ten studies on coping strategies were identifi ed. Causes, risk factors, variety of outcomes and coping strategies were widespread from the earlier and traditional to more recent and modern approaches towards those subjects and sometimes integrated.

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“…Sexueller Missbrauch erhöht das Risiko für spätere mentale Erkrankungen um das 2,4-fache, bei physischem Missbrauch steigt das Risiko um das 1,5-fache an [22]. Psychische Erkrankungen als wahrscheinliche Folge von Traumata in Kindheit und Adoleszenz beinhalten sowohl internalisierende Probleme wie Depression und Anpassungsstörungen [31,47,52] als auch externalisierende Auffälligkeiten wie Probleme mit Peers, aggressives und dissoziales Verhalten [7]. Zudem zeigen misshandelte Kinder und Jugendliche oft Beeinträchtigungen der Exekutivfunktionen (beispielsweise Aufmerksamkeit oder Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit) sowie der motorischen und sprachlichen Fähigkeiten [15,19,45] fanden Zusammenhänge zwischen verschiedenen traumatischen Erfahrungen und höheren klinischen Werten bezüglich Depression, Wut, posttraumatischem Stress und Dissoziation während Resilienz-Faktoren verhältnismässig gering ausgeprägt waren.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Das Auftreten einer Posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (PTBS) ist nach physischen, und hierbei vor allem nach sexuellen Angriffen mit einer Prävalenzrate von 55 % besonders hoch [31]. Gerade im Kindes-und frühen Jugendalter (unter 14 Jahren) werden traumatische Erfahrungen häufig mit einer PTBS assoziiert [41].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified