The epidemiology of serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women

Cauley, Jane A.; Gutai, James P.; Kuller, Lewis H.; Ledonne, Dorothea; Powell, John

doi:10.1016/0378-5122(89)90030-3

Cited by 103 publications

(137 citation statements)

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“…So far, only few investigators have systematically focussed on the role of BMI in the association between physical activity and sex hormones [18][19][20][21][22][23]. We observed in our analyses that BMI substantially influenced the association between sports activities and estrone and free testosterone but not between sports activities and total testosterone.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

“…However, comparable analyses from other investigators are needed to confirm our findings. Cauley et al [19] and McTiernan et al [23] also observed in their studies that associations between physical activity and estrone were attenuated but still significant after controlling for BMI. Bertone-Johnson et al [18] found that the association vanished after adjusting for BMI, and Chan et al [20] as well as van Gils et al [21] did not observe associations with estrone before and after adjusting for BMI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Moreover, several previous studies had a small sample size of below 100 participants [12][13][14][15][16][17], which might have led to less stable findings. Another drawback is that only few study groups addressed the question of confounding [18][19][20][21][22] and effect modification [23] by BMI in a systematic manner. Thus, the role of BMI in the relationship between physical activity and sex hormones has still to be determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical activity and endogenous sex hormones in postmenopausal women: to what extent are observed associations confounded or modified by BMI?

Liedtke

Schmidt

Becker

et al. 2010

Cancer Causes Control

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Sports activities may lead to lower levels of estrone and testosterone in postmenopausal women. While effects on estrone and free testosterone seem to be largely mediated by BMI, effects on total testosterone appear to be mainly independent of BMI. The BMI-independent effects on these hormones (especially on total testosterone) could at least partly explain why physical activity has been frequently reported to be preventive for postmenopausal breast cancer, even after accounting for BMI.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Physical activity and endogenous sex hormones in postmenopausal women: to what extent are observed associations confounded or modified by BMI?

Liedtke

Schmidt

Becker

et al. 2010

Cancer Causes Control

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“…After menopause, heavier women have higher estrogen levels as a result of their greater adiposity and consequent increased aromatization of androgens to 25 26 T 1 T -• estrogens. ' m premenopausal women, me ovaries, rather than adipose tissue, are the major source of estrogens; 27 consistent with our findings, estradiol blood levels in women with regular menstrual cycles generally are not reported to differ by weight.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relation of body size to plasma levels of estrogens and androgens in premenopausal women (Maryland, United States)

Dorgan

Reichman²,

Judd³

et al. 1995

Cancer Causes Control

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We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of 107 premenopausal women to evaluate the relations of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) with plasma hormone levels. Participants were 20- to 40-year old women residing in Maryland (United States), whose reported menstrual cycle lengths were not more than 35 days and whose measured weights for height were 85 to 130 percent of 'desirable' based on 1983 Metropolitan Life Insurance tables. Fasting blood specimens were collected on each of days 5-7, 12-15, and 21-23 of every participant's menstrual cycle and pooled to create follicular, midcycle, and luteal phase samples, respectively, for analysis. Adjusted for age, taller women had significantly higher follicular-phase plasma-estradiol levels (percent difference/cm = 1.5, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 0.3-2.7, and heavier women had significantly lower plasma sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels averaged across the menstrual cycle phases (percent difference/kg = -1.2; CI = -1.9-(-0.6). Body weight within the range studied, however, was not related significantly to the concentration of SHBG-bound estradiol during any phase of the menstrual cycle. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest a possible mechanism by which height may influence breast cancer risk.

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“…In turn, lower levels of SHBG result in an increase of the bioavailable fraction of both oestradiol and testosterone. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference have been directly correlated with total and bioavailable oestrogens for postmenopausal women [5,[7][8][9][10]. Positive associations between BMI and androgens have been mainly reported for women with polycystic ovary syndrome [11,12], whereas adiposity and circulating androgens may be slightly positively related, but little evidence exists of a strong association for healthy women [8-10, 13, 14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circulating steroid hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women in relation to body size and composition

Baglietto

English

Hopper

et al. 2008

Breast Cancer Res Treat

121

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Steroid hormones are associated with the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer and evidence suggests that increased concentrations of oestrogens from peripheral aromatisation in adipose tissue partly explains the association between body mass index (BMI) and risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. This study examined the associations between circulating concentrations of steroid hormones and anthropometric measurements in a sample of naturally postmenopausal women from the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study, not using hormone replacement therapy. We measured plasma concentration of total oestradiol, oestrone sulphate, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, androstenedione, testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and calculated concentration of free oestradiol. Body measurements included height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, fat mass and fat-free mass, the last two estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. BMI was positively associated with both oestrogens and androgens and negatively with SHBG. Fat mass was the principal measure responsible for the association observed between body size and total oestradiol. The associations between oestrone sulphate and androgens and body size were mainly with waist circumference. The associations between oestrogens and body size were close to null for the first 6 years since menopause and became positive thereafter. Our results are compatible with the hypothesis that after the menopause excess fat mass increases oestrogen concentrations through the peripheral aromatisation of androgens in adipose tissue. This effect requires around 6 years to be detectable by way of circulating steroid hormone levels.

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The epidemiology of serum sex hormones in postmenopausal women

Cited by 103 publications

References 0 publications

Physical activity and endogenous sex hormones in postmenopausal women: to what extent are observed associations confounded or modified by BMI?

Physical activity and endogenous sex hormones in postmenopausal women: to what extent are observed associations confounded or modified by BMI?

The relation of body size to plasma levels of estrogens and androgens in premenopausal women (Maryland, United States)

Circulating steroid hormone concentrations in postmenopausal women in relation to body size and composition

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