The epidemiology of skin cancer

Diepgen, Thomas L.; Mahler, Vera

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.146.s61.2.x

Cited by 1,125 publications

(997 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The average age of appearance of BCC was 57.9 year in non XP compared to 13.6 year in XP patients, while SCC was 53.9 year in non XP compared to 12.8 year in XP patients [23]. A male predominance was seen in nonXP patients only while multiplicity of cutaneous cancers were seen upto 89 % in XP patients while only 1 % in XP patients [23,24]. Nasal dorum was the commonest area for BCC in non XP patients while the cheek region was the commonest in XP patients [23,24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Clinicopathological Review of the Multiple Oculocutaneous Malignancies and Complications

Halkud

Shenoy

Naik

et al. 2014

Indian J Surg Oncol

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Multiple oculo-cutaneous malignancies are a common manifestation on sun-exposed facial areas in patients with Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Commonly seen are the basal cell carcinoma and the squamous cell carcinomas which manifest in the early first decade in contrast to fifth and sixth decade in the general population. XP manifests as photosensitivity, hyperpigmentation, premature skin aging and malignant changes like squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma and rarely malignant melanoma as well as internal malignancies. We report 11 cases of Xeroderma pigmentosa managed in our institute which included sex males and five females. All had photosensitivity, hyperpigmentation and consanguinity with facial malignant lesions like SCC and BCC. Ocular signs of photophobia and excessive lacrimation was seen in all the cases while blurring of vision due to corneal clouding, corneal injection, pterygium and limbal SCC were seen in 5 cases. SCC of the lids were seen in 7 cases while BCC seen in 8 cases and limbal and conjunctival SCC seen in one case. All were managed with excision while one case of melanoma with neck secondaries needed radical neck dissection while the other orbital exenteration. Oculo-cutaneous malignancies occur in the sun exposed areas so patients are advised regular follow up with speciality care. Awareness about the rare condition and importance of early detection and prevention of UV rays induced skin damage should be propagated. The disease is ultimately fatal, life can be prolonged by simple preventive measures to minimize sun exposure and early detection of the skin lesions and management.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Clinicopathological Review of the Multiple Oculocutaneous Malignancies and Complications

Halkud

Shenoy

Naik

et al. 2014

Indian J Surg Oncol

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“…The number of skin cancer cases has been steadily increasing with the risk of developing malignant cutaneous melanoma doubling every 10-15 years [1]. However, in 2007 the new cases of melanoma was estimated at 59,940, nearly double that of previous estimates [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While no overall trends were observed in the expression of the 18S rRNA, GAPDH was upregulated in melanoma tissue and cultured cells compared to the corresponding normal samples. In melanoma and fibroblast cell lines and tissues, absolute quantification appears to be more appropriate than normalizing mRNA expression via GAPDH or 18S rRNA housekeeping genes.The number of skin cancer cases has been steadily increasing with the risk of developing malignant cutaneous melanoma doubling every 10-15 years [1]. However, in 2007 the new cases of melanoma was estimated at 59,940, nearly double that of previous estimates [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

The normalization of gene expression data in melanoma: Investigating the use of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and 18S ribosomal RNA as internal reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR

Giricz

Lauer‐Fields

Fields

2008

Analytical Biochemistry

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We examined a panel of 26 melanoma and fibroblast samples (tissues and cultured cells) to evaluate the suitability of two commonly used housekeeping genes, GAPDH and 18S rRNA, for quantitative real-time PCR. Both genes showed significant variations within the individual cell line and tissue groups. While no overall trends were observed in the expression of the 18S rRNA, GAPDH was upregulated in melanoma tissue and cultured cells compared to the corresponding normal samples. In melanoma and fibroblast cell lines and tissues, absolute quantification appears to be more appropriate than normalizing mRNA expression via GAPDH or 18S rRNA housekeeping genes.The number of skin cancer cases has been steadily increasing with the risk of developing malignant cutaneous melanoma doubling every 10-15 years [1]. However, in 2007 the new cases of melanoma was estimated at 59,940, nearly double that of previous estimates [2]. If melanoma is detected early (localized), the five year survival rate is ∼99% [3]. However, distant stage (metastatic) melanoma has a very poor prognosis (∼15% five year survival) [3]. Thus, there is a critical requirement for accurate assessment of melanoma initiation and progression, as well as the characterization of the more malignant later stages.The most reliable prognostic factor of melanoma is still the tumor thickness [4], thus underscoring the importance of early detection and surgery. Better knowledge of the underlying molecular mechanisms of transformation and melanoma progression would possibly aid in the discovery of novel biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets, or biochemical pathways. Previous studies have shown that gene expression profiling of melanoma mRNA levels may lead to novel molecular classification methods by identifying the subtypes of disease and possibly predicting phenotypic characteristics ([5] and references cited therein). Microarray analysis can be used for the high-throughput analysis of global gene expression levels, studying hundreds or thousands of targets at once. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR or qPCR) allows for the sensitivity to analyze a narrow range of targets or to confirm previously obtained microarray data.Currently there are two quantification methods available for qPCR, absolute and relative. In the case of absolute quantification, genomic DNA or plasmids containing cloned qPCR target *Corresponding author. Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA. Tel: 1-561-297-2093. Fax: 1-561-297-2759. E-mail address: fieldsg@fau.edu. Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal di...

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“…It has increased its annual incidence rate in fair-skinned populations of about 3-7% in the last decades Severi et al, 2000;Diepgen and Mahler, 2002). Despite of many experimental and clinical efforts aiming to improve the criteria for melanoma diagnosis and treatment, the most reliable prognostic factor is still represented by tumor thickness (Berwick and Halpern, 1997).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, patterns of presentation and clinical appearance of melanomas have changed considerably (Brenner and Tamir, 2002). Nevertheless, also early-detected melanomas may sometimes display extremely malignant phenotypes, regardless of their size and thickness (Diepgen and Mahler, 2002). This is obviously due to some, not yet well specified, intrinsic properties of these cancer cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

cDNA array technology in melanoma: An overview

Baldi¹,

Santini²,

Luca³

et al. 2003

Journal Cellular Physiology

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Genetic aberrations, mostly resulting in changes in gene expression, are critical events in cancer onset and progression. The advent of the cDNA array technology allows the screening and the efficient measurement of expression of thousands genes simultaneously in a wide spectrum of experimental and clinical models. This genomic scale approach is being currently used to obtain global views of human cancer gene expression and to identify genetic markers that might be important for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This review discusses some recent findings obtained by means of cDNA arrays investigating the human melanoma.

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The epidemiology of skin cancer

Cited by 1,125 publications

References 40 publications

Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Clinicopathological Review of the Multiple Oculocutaneous Malignancies and Complications

Xeroderma Pigmentosum: Clinicopathological Review of the Multiple Oculocutaneous Malignancies and Complications

The normalization of gene expression data in melanoma: Investigating the use of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and 18S ribosomal RNA as internal reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR

cDNA array technology in melanoma: An overview

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