The epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome

Platt, Mary Jane

doi:10.1136/adc.88.1.27

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The hypothesis that some SIDS deaths in twins may have been attributable to unrecognized prenatally acquired cerebral impairment associated with monozygotic monochorionic twinning was tested using, as a partial proxy for zygosity, a comparison of same-and opposite-sex twin SIDS mortality. No significant difference was found and it was concluded that zygosity was not an important factor (Platt & Pharoah, 2003).The study now reported complements the earlier one by extending the analysis to cover the years 1993 to 2003. The aim of this study is to examine time trends in SIDS mortality in twins and singletons and to determine whether the previous observations in birthweight-specific mortality and same-and opposite-sex twin differences are confirmed.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This confirms the previous observation that low birthweight twins are less prone to SIDS than singletons of the same birthweight groups. A proposed explanation is that, for a given birthweight, twins are more advanced gestationally and may be more competent immunologically than singletons owing to the maternal transfer of immunoglobulins occurring late in gestation (Platt & Pharoah, 2003).…”

Section: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome In Twins and Singletonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Twins and Singletons

Pharoah¹,

Platt

2007

Twin Res Hum Genet

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T wins compared with singletons and monozygous (MZ) compared with dizygous (DZ) twins are at increased risk of fetal and infant death, cerebral palsy and many congenital anomalies. The aim of this study is to investigate whether zygosity is a risk factor for the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Birth registration data and draft infant death certificates for all multiple births in England and Wales 1993 to 2003 were provided by the Office for National Statistics. As a partial proxy for zygosity, same-sex was compared with opposite-sex twins for birthweight-specific mortality and mortality attributed to SIDS. Data on singleton infants were obtained by subtraction of multiple births from routinely published population births and infant deaths. SIDS mortality among low birthweight infants was significantly less in twins than singletons. The twin-singleton relative risk was reversed in infants of normal birthweight. Among infants of normal birthweight, neonatal SIDS was significantly more common in same-compared with opposite-sex pairs. Among infants of low birthweight, postneonatal SIDS was significantly more common in same-compared with opposite-sex pairs. The difference in birthweight distribution of same-compared with opposite-sex twins for neonatal SIDS suggests that zygosity is a risk factor for SIDS. As congenital cerebral anomalies are a feature of many monozygous twin conceptions, a detailed macro-and microscopical examination of the brain in twin SIDS may indicate an otherwise unrecognised pathology.The association of increased risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) with environmental factors such as sleeping position and over-heating from swaddling is well known. Public education about these risks has contributed to a decreasing trend in the incidence of SIDS. Pre-term or low birthweight has an independent effect from sleeping position on the risk of SIDS (Blair et al., 2006;Thompson et al., 2006). The crude relative risk is also greater in twins compared with singletons and adjustment should be made for the confounding effect of low birthweight (Malloy & Freeman, 1999).We previously reported on the epidemiology of SIDS in twins and singletons in England and Wales 1993 to 1998, confirmed that twins compared with singletons were at significantly increased risk and observed that in both twins and singletons the risk of SIDS increased with decreasing birthweight. The higher crude relative risk in twins was attributable to the higher proportion of twins that were of low birthweight. The hypothesis that some SIDS deaths in twins may have been attributable to unrecognized prenatally acquired cerebral impairment associated with monozygotic monochorionic twinning was tested using, as a partial proxy for zygosity, a comparison of same-and opposite-sex twin SIDS mortality. No significant difference was found and it was concluded that zygosity was not an important factor (Platt & Pharoah, 2003).The study now reported complements the earlier one by extending the analysis to cover the years 1993 to 2003. The a...

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supporting

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome In Twins and Singletonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Twins and Singletons

Pharoah¹,

Platt

2007

Twin Res Hum Genet

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“…Even though the opposite-sex versus the same-sex twins stratification is only a proxy for chorionicity, it has been used in twin research. 29,30 Further, if we assume that assisted reproductive therapy confounds the association between maternal age and birth outcomes because of the differences in chorionicity, we would expect similar or worse outcomes among older versus younger mothers when only dichorionic twins were analyzed. Thus, the confounding effect of ATR, if any, is likely to manifest through mechanism(s) other than chorionicity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of older maternal age on birth outcomes in twin pregnancies: a population-based study

et al. 2010

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Objective: We compared perinatal mortality, preterm birth (<37, <33 and <28 weeks), small for gestational age (SGA), Apgar score (<4), mechanical ventilation (X1 days) and prolonged neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization (X13 days) between twins of 25 to 34 and >35-year-old women. Further, we examined whether older maternal age effects were modified by parity or otherwise affected by chorionicity.Study Design: We carried out a population-based retrospective cohort study including all twin births in British Columbia (BC), Canada, from 1999 to 2003. The BC perinatal database registry was used to obtain clinical, behavioral and demographic data. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using generalized estimating equation models.Result: Overall, twins of older women were more likely to be born preterm (<37 weeks), but not very or extremely preterm (<33 weeks). These twins were not at increased risk of perinatal death, mechanical ventilation or were not SGA compared with twins of younger women. Twins of older primiparous women did not have an elevated risk of NICU hospitalization; twins born to older multiparous women had higher risk (OR ¼ 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2 to 2.6). Analyses restricted to opposite-sex (dichorionic) twins showed that perinatal death, mechanical ventilation and very preterm birth occur less likely among older women (OR ¼ 0.2 (95% CI: 0.0 to 0.8), OR ¼ 0.3 (95% CI: 0.1 to 0.7) and OR ¼ 0.4 (95% CI: 0.2 to 0.7), respectively). Further, the risk of late preterm birth was increased and NICU hospitalization was reduced among opposite-sex twins born to older compared with younger primiparous women (OR ¼ 1.9 (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.8) and OR ¼ 0.2 (95% CI: 0.1 to 0.5), respectively). Conclusion:Twins of older mothers did not have an elevated risk for most adverse birth outcomes, except for late preterm birth. Risks of neonatal care admission may be elevated among older multiparous women.

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“…4-6 9 Both preterm delivery and poor intrauterine growth are associated with the same social and economic factors that affect the risk of sudden infant death. 12 The most recent national data on SIDS show a striking increase in SIDS mortality with decreasing birth weight and this is likely to be related to the increasing levels of deprivation seen in SIDS families 13 Poor postnatal weight gain is also associated with an increased risk of SIDS. This seems to be independent of birth weight, prematurity, and social status and may be a useful additional tool in identifying infants at risk.…”

Section: Low Birth Weightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing patterns of childhood mortality in Wolverhampton

Moore

2005

Archives of Disease in Childhood

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The epidemiology of sudden infant death syndrome

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Twins and Singletons

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Twins and Singletons

Effect of older maternal age on birth outcomes in twin pregnancies: a population-based study

Changing patterns of childhood mortality in Wolverhampton

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