The epidemiology of typhoid fever in the Dong Thap Province, Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

Lin, Feng; Vo, Anh Ho; Phan, Van Bay; Nguyen, Tan Tien; Bryla, Dolores A.; Tran, Cong Thanh; Ha, Bian; Dang, Duc-Anh; Robbins, J B

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2000.62.644

Cited by 166 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

120

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Differences in study methodology as well as the epidemiology of the disease between the study sites probably account for the lower incidence observed in Jakarta than in Delhi. A study from Vietnam utilizing passive surveillance showed a culture-confirmed typhoid fever incidence similar to our findings: 3.6, 5.3, and 4.3 per thousand populations per year among those 2 to under 5 years, between 5 to 9 years, and between 10 to 19 years, respectively [22].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Enteric fever burden in North Jakarta, Indonesia: a prospective, community-based study

Punjabi¹,

Agtini

Ochiai

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: We undertook a prospective community-based study in North Jakarta, Indonesia, to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, seasonality, etiologic agent, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of enteric fever. Methodology: Following a census, treatment centre-based surveillance for febrile illness was conducted for two-years. Clinical data and a blood culture were obtained from each patient. Results: In a population of 160,261, we detected 296 laboratory-confirmed enteric fever cases during the surveillance period, of which 221 (75%) were typhoid fever and 75 (25%) were paratyphoid fever. The overall incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid cases was 1.4, and 0.5 per thousand populations per year, respectively. Although the incidence of febrile episodes evaluated was highest among children under 5 years of age at 92.6 per thousand persons per year, we found that the burden of typhoid fever was greatest among children between 5 and 20 years of age. Paratyphoid fever occurred most commonly in children and was infrequent in adults. Conclusion: Enteric fever is a public health problem in North Jakarta with a substantial proportion due to paratyphoid fever. The results highlight the need for control strategies against enteric fever.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Enteric fever burden in North Jakarta, Indonesia: a prospective, community-based study

Punjabi¹,

Agtini

Ochiai

et al. 2013

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Enteric fever is seen in all age groups and outbreaks are more common in summer season affecting mainly children [7,8]. Initiation of population-based typhoid fever incidence studies has improved the available typhoid fever incidence data [9,10]. Incidence rates of typhoid fever measured among age cohorts allows us to understand its age distribution and this can be extrapolated to the general population [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Salmonella typhi and Paratyphi A Occurrence in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Kumar¹

2013

JCDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Community based studies have consistently shown higher levels of typhoid than public health figures suggest (Parry et al, 2002). Annual incidence rates of 198 per 100,000 in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam (Lin et al, 2000) and 980 per 100,000 in Delhi, India (Sinha et al, 1999) have recently been reported. According to the best global estimates, there are at least 16 million new cases of typhoid fever each year, with 600,000 deaths (Ivanoff, 1995).…”

Section: Incidence Of Typhoid Fevermentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Typhoid Fever: Burden in Bangladesh

Sattar

Jhora²,

Yusuf

et al. 2013

J Sci Found

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by Salmonella typhi or by the related but less virulent Salmonella paratyphi. The provision of clean water and good sewage systems led to a dramatic decrease in the incidence of typhoid in these regions. Early antibiotic therapy has transformed a previously life-threatening illness of several weeks' duration with an overall mortality rate approaching 20.0% into a short-term febrile illness with negligible mortality. Case fatality rates of 10.0-50.0% have been reported from endemic countries when diagnosis is delayed. Attack rates are highest in persons younger than 20 years or older than 70 years; however, the highest rate is found in infants. Neonates are at a greater risk to fecal-oral transmission secondary to relative decreased stomach acidity and buffering of ingested breast milk and formula. Elderly persons are at a relative greater risk to infection secondary to chronic underlying illness and weakened immunity. In endemic areas, children aged 1-5 years are at the highest risk of infection, morbidity, and mortality because of waning of passively acquired maternal antibody and a lack of acquired immunity. In young children, the clinical syndrome is often a nonspecific febrile illness that is not recognized as typhoid fever. Typhoid is usually contracted by ingestion of food or water contaminated by fecal or urinary carriers excreting S. enterica serotype typhi. It is a sporadic disease in developed countries that occurs mainly in returning traveler, with occasional point-source epidemics. In endemic areas, identified risk factors for disease include eating food prepared outside the home, such as ice cream or flavored iced drinks from street vendors, drinking contaminated water, having a close contact or relative with recent typhoid fever, poor housing with inadequate facilities for personal hygiene, and recent use of antimicrobial drugs. The infectious dose of S. enterica serotype typhi in volunteers varies between 1000 and 1 million organisms. Vi-negative strains of S. enterica serotype typhi are less infectious and less virulent than Vi-positive strains. S. enterica serotype typhi must survive the gastric acid barrier to reach the small intestine, and a low gastric pH is an important defense mechanism.

show abstract

The epidemiology of typhoid fever in the Dong Thap Province, Mekong Delta region of Vietnam.

Cited by 166 publications

References 18 publications

Enteric fever burden in North Jakarta, Indonesia: a prospective, community-based study

Enteric fever burden in North Jakarta, Indonesia: a prospective, community-based study

Comparison of Salmonella typhi and Paratyphi A Occurrence in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Typhoid Fever: Burden in Bangladesh

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About