The Epidermolytic Toxin of Staphylococcus aureus: Its Failure to Bind to Cells and Its Detection in Blister Fluids of Patients with Bullous Impetigo

Baker, Diane Haas; Dimond, Robert L.; Wuepper, Kirk D.

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12515105

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The lowest detection limit of the reference test, the newborn mice assay, was 1 to 5 ,ug/ml as observed in this work and elsewhere (21). For the Mancini test, this limit was the same (5 ,ug/ml) (21), whereas the radioimmunoassay had a considerably lowered limit (5 to 20 ng/ml) (3,21). Our report describes two simple, specific, and sensitive (3 ng/ml) ELISA procedures which require affinity-purified toxin antibodies and which can be used to determine the ET concentration in culture supernatant fluids of Staphylococcus aureus strains or to potentially detect ET in biological fluids (sputum, blood, urine, and blister fluid).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins A and B and some applications

Piémont¹,

Haubensack²,

Monteil³

1984

J Clin Microbiol

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Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were developed for detection of staphylococcal exfoliative toxins A and B (ETA and ETB) with a double-antibody sandwich protocol. Antibodies against both toxins were purified by affinity chromatography from sheep antisera raised against purified ETA and ETB. These affinitypurified antibodies were free of detectable amounts of antibodies to other staphylococcal antigens and neutralized the actions of ETA and ETB. Alkaline phosphatase was conjugated to these antibodies. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, which could detect at least 3 ng of ETA and ETB per ml, was used to quantitate the toxins in the culture supernatant fluids of staphylococcal strains. Thus, the kinetics of ETA and ETB synthesis and of ETA and ETB release into the supernatant fluids were determined; other determinations included the roles of carbon dioxide concentration, pH, glucose concentration, temperature, and agitation on the production of ETA and ETB.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins A and B and some applications

Piémont¹,

Haubensack²,

Monteil³

1984

J Clin Microbiol

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“…It is noteworthy that the view that epidermolytic toxin acts without binding to cells (Baker et al, 1978) has recently been contradicted by new evidence from an assay procedure in vitro (Nishioka et al, 1981) that has indicated indirectly that lysosomes bind toxins. The rigid conformations detected in the present study should make the toxins proteinase-resistant, a necessary property if a digestive organelle is the target site.…”

Section: E (B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

A circular-dichroism study of epidermolytic toxins A and B from Staphylococcus aureus

Bailey¹,

Martin²,

Bayley³

1982

Biochemical Journal

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The far-u.v. circular-dichroism spectra of the two epidermolytic toxins was analysed into fractional contributions of 0.09 helix and 0.46 beta-sheet to each toxin structure. Trifluoroethanol perturbation caused an initial increase in dichroic absorption at 205 nm and then a change characterized as a beta-sheet-to-alpha-helix transition. The intense near-u.v. spectra suggested that the toxins have unusually rigid, though different, aromatic-side-chain arrangements.

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“…However, the mechanism of action of the toxins has not yet been elucidated. Several binding sites have been proposed involving subcellular fractions of the epidermis (21,22) although negative reports have also been noted (23). Recent studies by Smith (17) indicate that keratohyaline granules may represent a possible site of fixation for the toxins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Action of Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxins on Epidermal Cell Cultures and Organotypic Skin

Gentilhomme

Faure

Piémont

et al. 1990

The Journal of Dermatology

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In the staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome, spontaneous intraepithelial cleavages are due to the exfoliative toxins A or B (ETA or ETB). Until now, these toxins have been studied either on epidermis or on organotypic skin cultures. In the present study, we compare the effects of these toxins on human keratinocyte cell cultures to those on human and mouse organotypic skin cultures. With concentrations of ETA or ETB of 1 mg/ml for 3 hours, spontaneous intraepithelial cleavages were noted in both cell and organotypic cultures. Keratinocyte cell cultures were as sensitive as organotypic skin cultures to these toxins. Since keratohyaline granules may represent a possible binding site for ETA or ETB, we tried to correlate the expression of keratohyaline granules with the appearance of intraepithelial clefts due to the toxins. However, when cultured in liquid medium, epithelia were not differentiated enough to allow the detection of the binding site of ETA-ETB.

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The Epidermolytic Toxin of Staphylococcus aureus: Its Failure to Bind to Cells and Its Detection in Blister Fluids of Patients with Bullous Impetigo

Cited by 22 publications

References 7 publications

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins A and B and some applications

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for Staphylococcus aureus exfoliative toxins A and B and some applications

A circular-dichroism study of epidermolytic toxins A and B from Staphylococcus aureus

Action of Staphylococcal Exfoliative Toxins on Epidermal Cell Cultures and Organotypic Skin

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