The presence of abundant nutrients can pose risks such as changes in the dynamics of diatom communities, as well as allowing the overgrowth of harmful species, the possibility of non-native and invasive aquatic growth in the Caspian Sea and vice versa, reducing or eliminating some species and algal blooms. It may be dangerous for breeding. Therefore, the study of diatom communities and their interaction with fish farming is necessary and important. Therefore, in this study, the waters around the cage and also before and after the fish farming period in the cage were sampled and identified based on the presented methods. Fish breeding cages are located in the southern basin of the Caspian Sea at a depth of 30 meters from the sea shore. North, east, south and west of the cage were sampled from distances next to the fish breeding cage (shade), 200m from the cage and 1000 m from the cage at depths of surface, middle and depth (30m). In total, a total of 39 species of 20 genera of diatoms were identified during the sampling performed during four periods which include Actinocyclus(2 species), Chaetoceros (5 species), Cocconeis (1 species), Coscinodiscus (3 species), Cyclotella(1 species), Cymbella(1 species), Dactyliosolen(1 species), Diatoma (1 species), Diploneis(1 species), Gyrosigma (3 species), Hantzschia (1 species), Hyalodiscus (1 species), Navicula (3 species), Nitzschia(7 species), Pseudonitzschia (1 species), Pleurosigma (1 species), Rhizosolenia (2 species), Skeletonema (2 species), Talassiosira (1 species), Thalassionema (1 species). The highest density of diatoms was in the pre-breeding period and the highest density was observed in the western region (9747±1562×104 per cubic meters). At the beginning of the breeding period, the highest diatomaceous earth density was observed in the east (9454±864×104 per cubic meters) and then in the middle of the breeding period, the density decreased significantly in all areas and then at the end of the breeding period, the diatomaceous earth density increased again.Changes can be affected by environmental conditions. Which is one of the most important factors of seasonal changes that can affect the air temperature, river inflows and thus increase nutrients, water flows and as a result of salinity changes and river inflows. Salinity as well as excretion of feces and food not eaten by fish. Also, the highest density before the growing period and in the deep layer was due to low water temperature, which is due to the cold-loving nature of this branch (P <0.05). While the lowest density was in the middle of the rearing period, which may be due to the impact of salmon farming ecosystems in cages. Also, the highest density before the growing period and in the deep layer was due to low water temperature, which is due to the cold-loving nature of this branch (P <0.05). While the lowest density was in the middle of the rearing period, which may be due to the impact of salmon farming ecosystems in cages.