The epithelial immune microenvironment (EIME) in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis

Dainichi, Teruki; Kitoh, Akihiko; Otsuka, Atsushi; Nakajima, Saeko; Nomura, Takashi; Kaplan, Daniel H.; Kabashima, Kenji

doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0256-2

Cited by 293 publications

(296 citation statements)

References 157 publications

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“…Similarly, it is also becoming evident that immune activation in the epidermis does not necessarily depend on the presence of microorganisms on the skin surface [92][93][94]. In short, the immune microenvironment in the epidermis [95] controls innate and adaptive immunity [96] and thus profoundly affects the outcome of the immune response: i.e., the immune effector function [97]. In this respect, the constant cross-talk between keratinocytes and leukocytes [73,90] may prevail over any external assaults [92][93][94].…”

Section: Lessons From Filaggrin-deficiency: Flaky or Leakymentioning

confidence: 99%

Loricrin: Past, Present, and Future

Ishitsuka

Roop

2020

IJMS

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The terminal differentiation of the epidermis is a complex physiological process. During the past few decades, medical genetics has shown that defects in the stratum corneum (SC) permeability barrier cause a myriad of pathological conditions, ranging from common dry skin to lethal ichthyoses. Contrarily, molecular phylogenetics has revealed that amniotes have acquired a specialized form of cytoprotection cornification that provides mechanical resilience to the SC. This superior biochemical property, along with desiccation tolerance, is attributable to the proper formation of the macromolecular protein-lipid complex termed cornified cell envelopes (CE). Cornification largely depends on the peculiar biochemical and biophysical properties of loricrin, which is a major CE component. Despite its quantitative significance, loricrin knockout (LKO) mice have revealed it to be dispensable for the SC permeability barrier. Nevertheless, LKO mice have brought us valuable lessons. It is also becoming evident that absent loricrin affects skin homeostasis more profoundly in many more aspects than previously expected. Through an extensive review of aggregate evidence, we discuss herein the functional significance of the thiol-rich protein loricrin from a biochemical, genetic, pathological, metabolic, or immunological aspect with some theoretical and speculative perspectives.

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Section: Lessons From Filaggrin-deficiency: Flaky or Leakymentioning

confidence: 99%

Loricrin: Past, Present, and Future

Ishitsuka

Roop

2020

IJMS

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“…2 Immune disorders observed in both psoriasis and in AD are characterized by a specific innate immune response leading to a strong T-cell response that is mainly responsible for the disease symptoms. 3 A breakdown in the symbiotic relationship between epidermal function and the cutaneous microbiota has been associated with skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis. 4 Thus, the interplay between the epidermis and immune cells (including basophils, mast cells, DCs and TH2 cells) is considered to drive the inflammatory loop in AD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Avène Thermal Spring Water on immune cells

Eliasse

Redoulès

Espinosa

2020

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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The hydrotherapy centre in Avène, France, is used extensively to treat inflammatory skin diseases. Nevertheless, the immune mechanisms targeted by Avène Thermal Spring Water (TSW) are not fully understood. Here, we review the main results reported regarding the effects of Avène TSW on the immune system. In particular, mast cells, dendritic cells (DCs) and CD4+ T cells have been shown to be modulated by Avène TSW. All in all, the studies carried out on the effects of Avène TSW on leucocytes indicate that this water is endowed with a tolerogenic potential.

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“…1 Both AD and Pso are prototypic inflammatory skin diseases that are accompanied by pruritus. AD and Pso are complex diseases with genetic, 2 immunological, 3 and environmental 4 contributions. Less understood perhaps are the roles of neuronal sensitization and skin barrier disruptions which likely contribute to pruritus as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune mediators and therapies for pruritus in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis

Zhou

et al. 2019

J Cutaneous Imm & Allergy

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This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. AbstractAtopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (Pso) are two common inflammatory skin diseases which are symptomatically characterized by pruritus to variable degrees.Whereas AD is nearly always associated with pruritus, only 50%-70% of patients with Pso suffer from itching. Within the last decade, the development of biologic agents targeting specific cytokines or cytokine receptors has led to tremendous progress in suppressing inflammation (and thus improving quality of life) in these two diseases.While suppressing inflammation would generally reduce pruritus in these inflammatory diseases, pruritus is still recalcitrant for treatment in some patients due to relative lack of therapeutics that specifically inhibit pruritus signaling. There is abundant evidence that certain cytokines and neuropeptides-ion channels signaling mediate pruritus that is independent of inflammation in AD and psoriasis. Of note, Janus kinase (JAK) and nerve growth factor (NGF)-tropomyosin receptor kinase A (TrkA)transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) signaling partially regulates pruritus in AD and psoriasis. JAK kinases inhibitors decrease the extent of itch in patients with AD and psoriasis. In clinical trials, topical inhibitors of TrkA and TRPV1 have been reported to reduce pruritus in patients with Pso and AD, respectively. In this article, we review recent literature knowledge regarding the mechanisms underlying pruritus in AD and Pso, providing hypotheses for why pruritus may be more common in AD than in Pso. In light of the different mechanisms underlying these two diseases, the current and developing therapeutics, either in human clinical trials or animal studies, for targeting pruritus are also discussed. K E Y W O R D SIL-31, neuropeptide, PAR2, SP, thymic stromal lymphopoietin, TRPA1, TRPV1

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The epithelial immune microenvironment (EIME) in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis

Cited by 293 publications

References 157 publications

Loricrin: Past, Present, and Future

Loricrin: Past, Present, and Future

Impact of Avène Thermal Spring Water on immune cells

Immune mediators and therapies for pruritus in atopic dermatitis and psoriasis

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