The Epstein-Barr Virus BARF1 Gene Encodes a Novel, Soluble Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor

Strockbine, Laura; Cohen, Jeffrey I.; Farrah, Terry; Lyman, Stewart D.; Wagener, Felecia; DuBose, Robert; Armitage, Richard J.; Spriggs, Melanie K.

doi:10.1128/jvi.72.5.4015-4021.1998

Cited by 133 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The 29 kDa band was probably produced by cleavage at the N-terminal signal sequence. These results were compatible with the previous finding that BARF1 protein was secreted into the culture supernatant [Strockbine et al, 1998].…”

Section: Expression and Secretion Of Barf1 Protein In Npc Tissues Andsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…We detected two different sizes of the secreted BARF1 protein (29 and 23 kDa). The 23 kDa band was consistent with the size of the predicted molecular mass of the secreted form of BARF1 without posttranslational modifications, as described previously [Strockbine et al, 1998]. The 29 kDa band was probably produced by cleavage at the N-terminal signal sequence.…”

Section: Expression and Secretion Of Barf1 Protein In Npc Tissues Andsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…A previous report [Strockbine et al, 1998] has demonstrated that BARF1 is a homologue of the human colony stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) receptor and has the ability to bind CSF-1 [Sherr, 1990]. The CSF-1 receptor is the gene product of the human proto-oncogene c-fms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous data have shown that BARF1 is a soluble human CSF-1 binding protein [Strockbine et al, 1998]. Therefore, we examined whether BARF1 protein was secreted into the culture supernatant.…”

Section: Expression and Secretion Of Barf1 Protein In Npc Tissues Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encodedBARF1 gene is expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma tissues in the absence of lytic gene expression

et al. 2005

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The BARF1 gene is located in the BamHI-A fragment of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome, encodes 221 amino acids, and has activity as an oncogene. Several reports have demonstrated that BARF1 is expressed in the tissues of various EBV-associated epithelioid malignancies. However,BARF1 is thought to be a lytic gene, since its expression is induced upon induction of the lytic cycle in Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Therefore, the possibility cannot be excluded that BARF1 expression in EBV-associated epithelioid malignancies reflects spontaneous induction of the lytic cycle in carcinoma cells. The present study aimed to clarify whether BARF1 was expressed as a latent gene or a lytic gene in epithelioid malignancies. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR assay revealed that BARF1 was highly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and EBV-positive gastric carcinoma tissues in the absence of expression of lytic genes. On the other hand, BARF1 protein was detectable only in two of seven NPC tissue samples by immunoblot analysis. Analysis of BARF1-transfected CNE1 cells revealed that BARF1 was quickly secreted into culture medium and was hardly detectable in the cell lysate, which would account for why some NPC tissues were negative for BARF1 protein expression even though they were strongly positive forBARF1 expression at the transcriptional level. The present findings indicate that BARF1 is expressed in NPC and EBV-positive gastric carcinoma tissues as a latent gene and suggest that BARF1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of these malignancies.

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Section: Expression and Secretion Of Barf1 Protein In Npc Tissues Andsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Expression and Secretion Of Barf1 Protein In Npc Tissues Andsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Expression and Secretion Of Barf1 Protein In Npc Tissues Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encodedBARF1 gene is expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma tissues in the absence of lytic gene expression

et al. 2005

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“…The poxvirus IL-18BP downregulates IFN-g production and natural killer cell responses in ECTV-infected mice (Born et al, 2000;Smith et al, 2000). The EBV-encoded colony stimulating factor 1 binding protein has limited sequence similarity to the cellular counterpart and it has been proposed to modulate the response of macrophages during EBV infection (Strockbine et al, 1998).…”

Section: Viral Cytokine Binding Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral Anticytokine Strategies

Alcamı́

2016

Encyclopedia of Immunobiology

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A ?-herpesvirus immune evasion gene allows tumor cellsin vivo to escape attack by cytotoxic T cells specific for a tumor epitope

et al. 2002

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DNA vaccines induce CTL attack on target tumor epitopes, but tumor elimination in vivo also requires sufficient effector CTL to enter the site, guided by inflammatory chemokines. Manyherpesviruses contain genes for chemokine and chemokine receptor‐like proteins to protect infected cells from immune attack. To assess if this evasion strategy could protect tumor cells, we used a model where CTL specific for a single epitope were the only effectors. Following DNA vaccination, CTL eliminated tumor cells from a subcutaneous site. However, introducing a viral gene encoding a secreted broad‐spectrum chemokine‐binding protein (M3) into tumor cells completely blocked CTL attack. Transduced tumor cells also protected neighboring non‐transduced tumor. These findings confirm the importance of chemokines for migration of CTL to a non‐lymphoid site. They may have relevance for escape of human virus‐associated malignancies, and raise the question of whether analogous molecules might contribute to the failure of CTL to eliminate tumors.

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The Epstein-Barr Virus BARF1 Gene Encodes a Novel, Soluble Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 Receptor

Cited by 133 publications

References 53 publications

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encodedBARF1 gene is expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma tissues in the absence of lytic gene expression

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encodedBARF1 gene is expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and EBV-associated gastric carcinoma tissues in the absence of lytic gene expression

Viral Anticytokine Strategies

A ?-herpesvirus immune evasion gene allows tumor cellsin vivo to escape attack by cytotoxic T cells specific for a tumor epitope

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