The “Equity Waltz” in Canada: Whiteness and the informal realities of racism in education

Abstract

Canada has long perceived itself to be a country in which multiculturalism, and a concomitant respect for diversity, is a unique and defining feature of its identity. Although Canada is a de facto multicultural country, owing to its rapidly evolving demography and the explicit notion of multiculturalism enshrined in its Constitution, there remains a plethora of problems and issues related to equity, diversity and human rights. This paper explores the context and impact of racism in education within a framework that acknowledges and critically positions the predominance of Whiteness. The salience of identity, therefore, is a primary consideration to understanding how marginalized groups face systemic barriers in education. The concluding analysis sheds light on the educational policy process, and focuses on the notion of accountability for anti-racism and social justice in education within a time of neoliberal reforms. The paper is critical of the lack of attention, resources and comprehensive plans in place to ensure that all students benefit from a more holistic education that includes a focus on social justice.

School Choice, School Culture and Social Justice: A Canadian Case Study

“…Hopefully, this study provides some guidance for negotiating the tension between diversity and cohesion in the ongoing pursuit of more models of choice within public school cultures. Carr (2008) reminds us that our ongoing pedagogical imperative must include "diagnosing, critiquing and taking action to improve the education system, especially with a view to addressing the key concern of social justice" (p. 11). In seeking alternative educational models it is essential to foreground concerns for equity and social justice to ensure the full participation and success of all participants in an educational system that is mandated to serve all students.…”

Perceived racial and cultural discrimination and sense of belonging in Canadian society

“…Multiculturalism figures large in Canada's identity as a nation, promoting an international reputation as a tolerant, egalitarian and inclusive nation (Carr, 2008; Godley, 2018). Canada introduced its policy of multiculturalism in 1971, and enshrined it into the law in 1988 with the Multiculturalism Act (Berry, 2013).…”

Respecting students: Abusive classroom teacher verbal behaviour

“…Montgomery (2013) argues for effective critical pedagogies to combat racism, yet we have to first acknowledge the pervasiveness of racism in our society. Carr (2008) in calling for a more holistic and inclusive education system reminds us that -anti-racism involves a political engagement that surpasses symbolic measures‖ (p. 11) and laments the lack of resources currently devoted to combating racism in our education system. From my partial examination of the discipline committee data, it is obvious that racism is being perpetuated in some cases by the very teachers who should be tasked with fighting it.…”