The Equivalence of SF-36 Summary Health Scores Estimated Using Standard and Country-Specific Algorithms in 10 Countries

Ware, John E.; Gandek, Barbara; Kosinski, Mark; Aaronson, Neil K.; Apolone, Giovanni; Brazier, John; Bullinger, Monika; Kaasa, Stein; Leplège, Alain; Prieto, Luís; Sullivan, Marianne; Thunedborg, Kate

doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00108-5

Cited by 529 publications

(439 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Once using the standardized approach, orthogonal rotation (varimax), which by definition assumes factors to be uncorrelated, and once using an approach, oblique rotation (promax), which by definition allows factors to be correlated. The SF-36 summary measures manual [18] and various papers show that, when using the orthogonal method, the mental and physical component summaries demonstrate low to very low empirical correlations [19,20]. Papers that have used the oblique rotation method have reported high correlations between the mental and physical component summary scores [15,[21][22][23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative data of the SF-12 health survey with validation using postmyocardial infarction patients in the Dutch population

2009

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Objective To gain Dutch population norms for the Short Form-12 (SF-12), a generic health status questionnaire, in a random sample of the general population and to validate these in postmyocardial infarction (MI) patients. Methods 2,301 respondents from the general population and 459 post-MI patients completed the Short Form-36 (SF-36), which was used to calculate SF-12 scores. Results The SF-12 summary scores correlated highly with SF-36 summary scores, demonstrating that these scores explain the same amount of variance in health status. Significant sex differences (P \ .001) existed for both the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS). Multivariate analysis of variance showed a main effect of age in oblique (PCS-12: P \ .001; MCS-12: P \ .001) and orthogonally rotated PCS scores (PCS-12_uc: P \ .001; MCS-12_uc: P = .07). As expected, post-MI patients reported statistically significant and clinically relevant poorer mental (P \ .001) and physical functioning (P \ .001). Differences were less pronounced for MCS and PCS derived from orthogonal rotation data. When controlling for covariates, MI did not significantly affect PCS-12_uc anymore in orthogonally rotated data, while PCS-12_uc was affected by fewer covariates compared with PCS-12. Conclusions This study presents Dutch population norms for the SF-12 in a large random population sample obtained from both oblique and orthogonal PCA rotation methods, revealing systematic differences between the results based on these two methods. Furthermore, this study demonstrates the discriminative validity of the SF-12 by showing that post-MI patients differ significantly from the normative population on PCS-12 scores.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative data of the SF-12 health survey with validation using postmyocardial infarction patients in the Dutch population

2009

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“…It is recommended to use norm-based scores (NBS) in order to make it easier to compare results between studies. 17 NBS transforms all the subscales to have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation (SD) of 10. SF-36 NBS was calculated using Quality Metrics software, which compares with US norms based on randomly selected adults matched for age.…”

Section: Qol Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…US norms are widely used enabling comparison between studies and countries and are recommended and validated for international publications. 17 SF-36v2 was licenced from Quality Metric, OPTUM Insight: QM020903.…”

Section: Qol Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The SF-36 (36-item Short Form health survey) questionnaire is a widely used and validated QoL instrument that has been used for evaluating QoL after BDI. 10,12,13,[15][16][17] These six QoL-studies were from tertiary referral centres and included major injuries and failures after primary repair, with a mix of "in-house" injuries and referrals. Both Sarmiento and Hogan reported no difference in long-term QoL after BDI when compared with uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quality-of-life after bile duct injury: intraoperative detection is crucial. A national case-control study

Rystedt

Montgomery

2016

HPB

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“…Here we followed the methodology used in the IQOLA project (Ware et al 1998b), where norm-based T scores are used to perform factor analysis estimating two summary measures: the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS). IQOLA proposed to work in three steps, the first being translation to produce a survey form; the second, the scale construction estimating specific scoring algorithms and the third, the validation and interpretation of the results (Ware and Gandek 1998).…”

Section: Calculation Is Done As Followsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity and reliability of the SF-36 in Chilean older adults: the ALEXANDROS study

et al. 2013

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To validate short-form-36 health survey (SF-36) with specific scoring algorithm obtained in a large sample of Chilean older people and to associate quality of life in this sample with social and health related factors. A cross-sectional study on 2,143 community-living subjects aged 60-92 years (33 % men and 67 % women) conducted in Santiago, Chile. Scores in 8 scales of SF-36-physical function (PF), role physical (RP), bodily pain (BP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social functioning (SF), role emotional (RE) and mental health (MH)-, were calculated. Factor analysis was used to extract two principal factors and logistic regression model was applied to estimate its association with socio-demographic and health variables. The internal consistency of scales was high (Cronbach's alpha 0.86-0.87). Factor analysis retained two factors: mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) components accounting for 65.3 % of total variance (55.3 and 10.0 % respectively). High correlations (0.61-0.94) between MCS and MH, V, RE and SF were obtained. PCS correlated highest (0.72-0.86) with RP, PF and BP. Self-perceived symptoms of depression (GDS-15 C5) was the main variable explaining low scores in both MCS and PCS (adjusted OR = 26.9; 95 % CI: 15.3-47.2; OR = 3.4; 95 % CI: 2.1-5.5, respectively). We have demonstrated the reliability and validity of SF-36 questionnaire to evaluate health related quality of life, reporting Chilean-Specific factor score coefficients for MCS and PCS based in national Chilean means and standard deviations for older people. After adjusting by age and gender, the main predictors of low health related QoL in Chilean older people were selfperceived symptoms of depression, the presence of two or more chronic diseases and illiteracy. Important gender inequalities were observed in all of these results, being consistently less favorable in women than in men.

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The Equivalence of SF-36 Summary Health Scores Estimated Using Standard and Country-Specific Algorithms in 10 Countries

Cited by 529 publications

References 8 publications

Normative data of the SF-12 health survey with validation using postmyocardial infarction patients in the Dutch population

Normative data of the SF-12 health survey with validation using postmyocardial infarction patients in the Dutch population

Quality-of-life after bile duct injury: intraoperative detection is crucial. A national case-control study

Validity and reliability of the SF-36 in Chilean older adults: the ALEXANDROS study

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