The Equivalent Material Concept: Application to failure of O-notches

Investigation of ductile rupture in U‐notched Al 6061‐T6 plates under mixed mode loading

“…The tensile strength of the equivalent material can be computed by assuming the same values of the tensile SED required for both real ductile and virtual brittle materials for the crack initiation to occur. Although the details of EMC have recently been presented in some published papers (see, for instance, Refs ), a brief description of it is presented herein in order to provide more convenience for the readers.…”

“…According to EMC, a ductile material having valid fracture toughness K Ic (or K c ) is equated with a virtual brittle material having the same elastic modulus and fracture toughness but various tensile strength. It can be found in the literature that the EMC together with two well‐known brittle fracture criteria, namely, the point‐stress and the mean‐stress criteria, have been capable of successfully predicting the experimental results on mode I load‐carrying capacity of V‐notched, U‐notched and O‐notched ductile steel plates . In an applied work, Torabi has estimated well the tensile load‐carrying capacity of several bolts weakened by V‐shaped threads and made of two various ductile steels.…”

“…It is worth noting that the formulation of EMC is very similar to that of Glinka's equivalent strain energy density method because in both of them, the value of strain energy density (SED) for an elastic–plastic material is equated with that for an equivalent elastic material. However, the main difference is that Glinka has utilized his concept for determining the stress value at the notch tip in an inelastic notched member, while Torabi has equated the SED for elastic and elastic–plastic materials till the ultimate point in order to determine the tensile strength of the virtual brittle material. The equivalent strain energy density method has also been employed by other researchers to analyze stress and strains around notches of various features under localized and generalized plasticity .…”

Extension of linear elastic strain energy density approach to high temperature fatigue and a synthesis of Cu-Be alloy experimental tests

“…Such a method has been extensively used in the literature and its power, especially when dealing with fatigue of notched components, has been largely proofed, e.g. by (Lazzarin and Berto, 2005;Lazzarin et al, 2010Lazzarin et al, , 2008Lazzarin et al, , 2001Torabi, 2013aTorabi, , 2013bTorabi, , 2013c. A review of the method has been presented in .…”

Large plasticity induced crack initiation from U-notches in thin aluminum sheets under mixed mode loadin

“…Torabi (2012) proposed originally the Equivalent Material Concept (EMC), by which a ductile material having valid fracture toughness KIc value is equated with a virtual brittle material having the same elastic modulus and fracture toughness but different tensile strength, in order to overcome the restrictions of the valuable TCD analysis carried out by Susmel and Taylor (2008a). By linking EMC to the two stress-based brittle fracture criteria, namely the point-stress (PS) and mean-stress (MS) criteria, Torabi (2012Torabi ( , 2013aTorabi ( , 2013b could successfully predict the experimental elastic-plastic failure results reported by Susmel & Taylor (2008a) regarding the tensile LCC of the notched specimens. In an applied work published by Torabi (2013c), the success of the combined MS-EMC criterion in predicting the tensile LCC of ductile steel bolts containing V-shaped threads was also demonstrated.…”