The erosion and arc characteristics of Ag/CdO and Ag/SnO/sub 2/ contact materials under DC break conditions

Swingler, Jonathan; McBride, J.W.

doi:10.1109/95.536842

Cited by 49 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This is to be expected if the particles are formed by the condensation of metallic vapor formed under very high temperature (arc) conditions. Thus these particles are formed during the so-called evaporation phase 20,21 which is generally dominant for low current arcs. a The boiling point of silver is 2200 • C and most of the vapor release is from the cathode which is heated by the bombardment of ions accelerated by the cathode fall, and coming from the plasma, initially created by the explosion of the molten bridge.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This corresponds to the so-called liquid phase of material loss from the cathode 20,21 that has an onset at an arc current of about 7 A, corresponding to the conditions in our experiment. The fact that the large micron sized particles imaged by the electron microscope are spherical would indicate that they have cooled and solidified prior to arriving at the collector surface.…”

Section: -7mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy of nanoparticles formed in an electrical arc

et al. 2013

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Small Angle X-ray Scattering has been used to characterize nanoparticles generated by electrical arcing between metallic (AgSnO2) electrodes. The particles are found to have diameters between 30 and 40 nm and display smooth surfaces suggesting that they are either in liquid form or have solidified from the liquid state. Particles collected around the electrodes were analyzed by Transmission Electron Microscopy and were seen to be much larger than those seen in the SAXS measurement, to be spherical in form and composed of silver metal with irregular tin oxide particles deposited on their surface. Mixed metal nanoparticles can have important practical applications and the use of mixed sintered electrodes may be a direct method for their production

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: -7mentioning

confidence: 99%

Small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy of nanoparticles formed in an electrical arc

et al. 2013

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“…Therefore the rate of change of the commutation current is affected and is expected to result in a shorter duration of micro-arcing which in turn should lead to less erosion. Equation (1) gives the theoretical relationship (1) Since the voltages and are nearly constant [8], the arcing time can be expressed as in (2), assuming there is no delay time for switching on the MOSFET (2) The inductance can be calculated as a first approximation from (3), for an inductance of a one-turn coil of wire of thickness (3) Combining (2) and (3) gives (4) where is a constant (4) This term shows that the micro-arc duration is a function of the square of the wire length. Halving the wire length is expected to reduce the micro-arc duration to a quarter.…”

Section: B Switch S1 Arc Erosion On Opening and Closingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arc also causes contact erosion and transfer of material [4] leading to degradation of the system. All this has led to the development of specialist alloys [1], [5]. In medium/high power devices, arc control mechanisms are used; for example, de-ionising chambers, these increase the size and weight of the device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro-Arcing and Arc Erosion Minimization Using a DC Hybrid Switching Device

Swingler

McBride

2008

IEEE Trans. Comp. Packag. Technol.

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Abstract-Hybrid switching devices utilize the advantages of both conventional electrical contacts and solid state electronics to minimize arcing during opening and closing operations. This can result in higher reliability and reduces the need for high cost specialist contact materials. The hybrid switch does not eliminate arcing completely, due to the inductive nature of circuits; micro-arcing is known to occur.An experimental dc hybrid switching device is introduced which minimizes arcing for 42 V applications. The characteristics of micro-arcing are investigated to determine the factors which influence the duration of micro-arcs. Surface profiling techniques are used to determine low level contact erosion. The magnitude of contact erosion is related to the micro-arcing.

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Erosion of Cu–W contact material of SF₆ circuit breakers when making capacitor bank

Ding

Fang

2019

IEEJ Transactions Elec Engng

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For an SF 6 circuit breaker in capacitor bank-making operation, the inrush current may cause serious erosion to its arcing contacts. In order to observe the characteristics of this erosion, an arc extinguish chamber of SF 6 circuit breaker with Cu-W arcing contacts was designed, and experiments of capacitor bank making were carried out. The prebreakdown arcing duration and inrush current were measured, and the mass loss of the contact after 100 times of operation was calculated. Power-frequency-withstanding voltage was measured after every 20 operations. The surface status, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) of the contact material were recorded. The characteristics and mechanism of arcing contact erosion in SF 6 circuit breaker in the making process were then analyzed. Compared to the case of breaking high current, this analysis found two major mechanisms that lead to severe arcing contact erosion in the case of capacitor bank making operation, namely, the arc erosion due to prebreakdown current and the erosion of arc heated contact due to friction. The erosion after contact caused by mechanical friction occupies a relatively larger proportion in the mass loss of contact materials. Under the conditions of 3 m/s making velocity, 18 kA current peak, and less than 2 ms arcing duration, the mechanical wear mass loss rate is greater than 1.0 mg/C.

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The erosion and arc characteristics of Ag/CdO and Ag/SnO/sub 2/ contact materials under DC break conditions

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy of nanoparticles formed in an electrical arc

Small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy of nanoparticles formed in an electrical arc

Micro-Arcing and Arc Erosion Minimization Using a DC Hybrid Switching Device

Erosion of Cu–W contact material of SF₆ circuit breakers when making capacitor bank

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The erosion and arc characteristics of Ag/CdO and Ag/SnO/sub 2/ contact materials under DC break conditions

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy of nanoparticles formed in an electrical arc

Small angle x-ray scattering and electron microscopy of nanoparticles formed in an electrical arc

Micro-Arcing and Arc Erosion Minimization Using a DC Hybrid Switching Device

Erosion of Cu–W contact material of SF6 circuit breakers when making capacitor bank

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Erosion of Cu–W contact material of SF₆ circuit breakers when making capacitor bank