The ERPs to feedback indicating monetary loss and gain on the game of modified “rock–paper–scissors”

Toyomaki, Atsuhito; Murohashi, Harumitsu

doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.032

Cited by 28 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…When stimuli are particularly motivationally salient or important for learning, locus coeruleus activity increases and produces greater activation in the cortex, which in turn gives rise to a larger fP3 [21]. However, across gambling studies, there has been little agreement as to whether the fP3 is modulated by magnitude [32,62], valence [63,64] or, as we have reported here, a combination of both [65]. Notably in our data, large wins generated the biggest fP3.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback Processing in Adolescence: An Event-Related Potential Study of Age and Gender Differences

2014

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Adolescence has frequently been characterized as a period of increased risk taking, which may be largely driven by maturational changes in neural areas that process incentives. To investigate age- and gender-related differences in reward processing, we recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) from 80 participants in a gambling game, in which monetary wins and losses were either large or small. We measured two ERP components: the feedback-related negativity (FRN) and the feedback P3 (fP3). The FRN was sensitive to the size of a win in both adult (aged 23-35 years) and adolescent (aged 13-17 years) males, but not in females. Small wins appeared to be less rewarding for males than for females, which may in part explain more approach-driven behavior in males in general. Furthermore, adolescent boys showed both delayed FRNs to high losses and less differentiation in FRN amplitude between wins and losses in comparison to girls. The fP3, which is thought to index the salience of the feedback at a more conscious level than the FRN, was also larger in boys than in girls. Taken together, these results imply that higher levels of risk taking that are commonly reported in adolescent males may be driven both by hypersensitivity to high rewards and insensitivity to punishment or losses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feedback Processing in Adolescence: An Event-Related Potential Study of Age and Gender Differences

2014

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“…Typically examined as a global component, the P300 (called the late positive complex/LPC, in many studies) has been shown to reflect the processing of motivationally significant aspects of stimuli. Some research has reported greater P300 responses following positive compared to negative outcomes Toyomaki and Murohashi, 2005;Wu and Zhou, 2009;Zhou et al, 2010), suggesting win events are perceived as more salient and assigned greater importance than Losses. Other research has demonstrated greater P300 amplitudes for larger magnitude outcomes in healthy subjects regardless of valence (Sato et al, 2005;Yeung and Sanfey, 2004).…”

Section: The P300 As An Indicator Of Incentive Value Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This component has been consistently shown to be sensitive to valence and context manipulations. Specifically, larger FRN magnitudes are observed when feedback signals monetary loss compared to gain (San Martin et al, 2010;Toyomaki and Murohashi, 2005;Yeung et al, 2005) or the least desired outcome within a particular context during tasks that resemble gambling activity. The reinforcement learning theory postulates that the ERN and FRN reflect the activity of a high-level error-processing system within the mesolimbic-dopaminergic pathway, a system believed to be involved in the evaluation of environmental stimuli, the activation of motivated behaviours, and association formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reward and punishment hyposensitivity in problem gamblers: A study of event-related potentials using a principal components analysis

Lole

Gonsalvez

Barry

2015

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Some studies report a double dissociation between the FRN and P300, showing the FRN to be affected by valence but not reward magnitude, with the opposite pattern for the P300, regardless of whether the outcome is of positive or negative valence (Sato et al, 2005;Yeung and Sanfey, 2004). In contrast to this, other research has demonstrated that the P300 is influenced by valence, with wins eliciting larger amplitudes than losses (Hajack et al, 2007;Toyomaki and Murohashi, 2005). Because the P300 is established to be a complex comprising several sub-components, it is possible that different subcomponents are independently sensitive to valence and magnitude.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Earlier conceptualisations of the FRN were that it is a component characterised by greater negative responses 250-350 ms following feedback that signals monetary losses compared to gains (San Martin et al, 2010;Toyomaki and Murohashi, 2005;Yeung et al, 2005), or the least desired of two possible outcomes within a certain context (e.g., zero credits elicited larger FRNs than wins when the alternative outcome is to gain credits, compared to when the alternative is to lose credits; Gehring and Willoughby, 2002;Holroyd et al, 2004), during tasks that resemble gambling activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can event-related potentials serve as neural markers for wins, losses, and near-wins in a gambling task? A principal components analysis

Lole

Gonsalvez

Barry

et al. 2013

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Originally, the feedback related negativity (FRN) event-related potential (ERP) component was considered to be a robust neural correlate of non-reward/punishment processing, with greater negative deflections observed following unfavourable outcomes. More recently, it has been suggested that this component is better conceptualised as a positive deflection following rewarding outcomes. The current study sought to elucidate the nature of the FRN, as well as another component associated with incentive-value processing, the P3b, through application of a spatiotemporal principal components analysis (PCA). Seventeen healthy controls played a computer electronic gaming machine (EGM) task and received feedback on credits won or lost on each trial, and ERPs were recorded. The distribution of reward/non-reward outcomes closely matched that of a real EGM, with frequent losses, and infrequent wins and near-wins. The PCA revealed that feedback elicited both a frontally maximal negative deflection to losses, and a positive deflection to wins (which was also sensitive to reward magnitude), implying that the neural generator/s of the FRN are differentially activated following these outcomes. As expected, greater P3b amplitudes were found for wins compared to losses. Interestingly, near-wins elicited significantly smaller FRN amplitudes than losses (with no differences in P3b amplitude), and may contribute to the maintenance of gambling behaviours on EGMs. The results of the current study are integrated into a response profile of healthy controls to outcomes of varying incentive value. This may provide a foundation for the future examination of individuals who exhibit abnormalities in reward/ punishment processing, such as problem gamblers. The PCA revealed that feedback elicited both a frontally maximal negative deflection to losses, and a positive deflection to wins (which was also sensitive to reward magnitude), implying that the neural generator/s of the FRN are differentially activated following these outcomes. As expected, greater P3b amplitudes were found for wins compared to losses.Interestingly, near-wins elicited significantly smaller FRN amplitudes than losses (with no differences in P3b amplitude), and may contribute to the maintenance of gambling behaviours on EGMs. The results of the current study are integrated into a response profile of healthy controls to outcomes of varying incentive value. This may provide a foundation for the future examination of individuals who exhibit abnormalities in reward/punishment processing, such as problem gamblers.

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The ERPs to feedback indicating monetary loss and gain on the game of modified “rock–paper–scissors”

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

Feedback Processing in Adolescence: An Event-Related Potential Study of Age and Gender Differences

Feedback Processing in Adolescence: An Event-Related Potential Study of Age and Gender Differences

Reward and punishment hyposensitivity in problem gamblers: A study of event-related potentials using a principal components analysis

Can event-related potentials serve as neural markers for wins, losses, and near-wins in a gambling task? A principal components analysis

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