The espinal: agroforestry systems of the mediterranean — type climate region of Chile

Ovalle, Carlos; Aronson, James; Pozo, Alejandro del; Avendano, J

doi:10.1007/bf00122913

Cited by 84 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The circum-Mediterranean burr medic (Medicago polymorpha L.) is widely naturalized throughout the Mediterranean-climate region of central Chile (Del Pozo et al, 1989) and is locally considered to be the most valuable nitrogen®xing legume for pasture improvement (AvendanÄ o and Ovalle, 1992), and ley-farming style rotations with cereal or other annual ®eld crops (Ovalle et al, 1990;Del Pozo et al, 1999). This species is currently sown on about 1 million ha year À1 in Western Australia (Ewing and Howieson, 1989;Ewing, 1999) and is increasingly grown in other countries with a Mediterranean-type climate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Responses to Temperature and Photoperiod in Ecotypes of Medicago polymorpha L. Collected Along an Environmental Gradient in Central Chile

Pozo¹,

Ovalle²,

Aronson³

et al. 2000

Annals of Botany

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The phenological development of nine Chilean accessions of Medicago polymorpha, collected along a north±south aridity gradient, and of two commercial cultivars of the same species, were compared in 12 sequential outdoor sowings at Cauquenes (35858 H S, 72817 H W, elev. 177 m), in the sub-humid Mediterranean climate zone of Chile. A glasshouse experiment was also conducted to evaluate the eect of photoperiod on phenophase timing. There was a clear gradient in precocity among the Chilean accessions in both experiments: accessions MPO-9-88 and MPO-7-88, from the arid zone, were the earliest-¯owering accessions, whereas MPO-36-88 from the humid Mediterranean zone was the latest. Both experiments revealed signi®cant variation among the Chilean accessions in the response of owering time to variation in photoperiod regime. Dierences in days to¯owering between the least-(8 h) and the most-(16 h) inductive photoperiods were lower in precocious accessions from arid and semi-arid zones, than in lateowering accessions from more humid zones. Rate of progress to¯owering, de®ned as the inverse of time from emergence to ®rst¯ower appearance (1/f), was related to mean diurnal temperature, or to both mean diurnal temperature and mean photoperiod. In two early-¯owering accessions from the arid zone, and in the Australian cultivar`Circle Valley', 1/f was aected signi®cantly (P 5 0 . 05) by both temperature and photoperiod. In the remaining accessions, no signi®cant responses to temperatures were detected; 1/f was in¯uenced signi®cantly by photoperiod only.# 2000 Annals of Botany Company

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Responses to Temperature and Photoperiod in Ecotypes of Medicago polymorpha L. Collected Along an Environmental Gradient in Central Chile

Pozo¹,

Ovalle²,

Aronson³

et al. 2000

Annals of Botany

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“…Bajo este escenario, es indudable que la pérdida de P. chilensis en particular, y del bosque espinoso en general, tenga consecuencias negativas más allá de las meramente biológicas al afectar, por ejemplo, la economía de los pequeños agricultores que habitan en este piso de vegetación. De hecho, en esta zona habitan alrededor de 300.000 personas vinculadas directa o indirectamente a la actividad agropecuaria, la cual se ve mermada por la pérdida de calidad de los suelos (Ovalle et al 1990, 1996, Aronson et al 1998.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

En La Senda De La Extinción: El Caso Del Algarrobo Prosopis Chilensis (Fabaceae) Y El Bosque Espinoso en La Región Metropolitana De Chile Central

Valdivia

Romero²

2013

Gayana Bot.

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Además, la contracción poblacional de P. chilensis no se correlaciona con una expansión poblacional de A. caven, por lo cual las dos especies que definen y caracterizan el bosque espinoso de la Región Metropolitana de Chile se encuentran prontas a extinguirse y con ellas el piso vegetacional. Surge, por lo tanto, como necesidad urgente el establecer las medidas de conservación y restauración necesarias para asegurar la persistencia del bosque espinoso en la Región Metropolitana de Chile. PALABRAS CLAVE:Algarrobos, espinos, degradación ambiental, extirpaciones futuras. ABSTRACTAt central Chile grows the spiny forest of Acacia caven and Prosopis chilensis of which less than 40% of its original surface currently persists, but with no representation into the wilderness protected areas. Owing to the action of cattle, has it been previously suggested a population reduction of P. chilensis coupled to a population increase of A. caven which, nonetheless,has not yet verified empirically. At four sites belonging to two micro-basins in the Metropolitan Region at central Chile (Batuco and Huechún), we assessed the incidence of environmental disturbances (cattle, rabbits, weeds, garbage), the phytosanitary stage, and population structure of P. chilensis, as well as the regeneration dynamics of this tree and A. caven by using Markovian transition matrices. Populations of P. chilensis suffer similar degrees of threats, exhibit a similar but depauperate phytosanitary stage and, consequently, they face a senescent stage prone to disappear when the current adult individuals go death. Furthermore, the population decrease of P. chilensis does not correlate with the previously suggested population increase of A. caven; hence, the tree species characterizing and defining the spiny forest of central Chile are prone to be extinct and with them the vegetation belt. It appears, therefore, as an urgent necessity the establishment of conservation and restoration programs in order to assure the persistence of the spiny forest at the Metropolitan Region in central Chile.

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“…In the Mediterranean zone, Ovalle et al (1990) noted that possible causes of this continued decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks include inappropriate agricultural methods, excessive woodcutting and systematic overgrazing. This zone has a common natural agroecosystem, locally named espinal, where the dominant vegetation is Acacia caven trees with a spring grass cover rich in Table 4.8 Summary of some studies of soil contamination by total copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and antimony (Sb) Fig.…”

Section: Soil Biological Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human-Induced Soil Degradation in Chile

et al. 2013

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The espinal: agroforestry systems of the mediterranean — type climate region of Chile

Cited by 84 publications

References 17 publications

Developmental Responses to Temperature and Photoperiod in Ecotypes of Medicago polymorpha L. Collected Along an Environmental Gradient in Central Chile

Developmental Responses to Temperature and Photoperiod in Ecotypes of Medicago polymorpha L. Collected Along an Environmental Gradient in Central Chile

En La Senda De La Extinción: El Caso Del Algarrobo Prosopis Chilensis (Fabaceae) Y El Bosque Espinoso en La Región Metropolitana De Chile Central

Human-Induced Soil Degradation in Chile

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