The Essential Role of the Otolaryngologist in the Diagnosis and Management of Temporomandibular Joint and Chronic Oral, Head, and Facial Pain Disorders

Temporomandibular disorder in otolaryngology: systematic review

“…After further evaluating titles and abstracts, a total of 33 studies were considered potentially relevant. The final review of all 33 publications identified a total of 12 papers that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria; [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] these were included in the systematic literature review on temporomandibular disorder in otolaryngology. The flow diagram for study selection is shown in Figure 1.…”

“…Of the 12 studies, 7 were systematic reviews, 2 were retrospective analyses, 1 was a randomised controlled trial, 1 was a clinical trial and 1 was a case series. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] In general, the included reviews were of poor quality. All the included reviews lacked detail regarding the method of literature collection and analysis, and instead were based more on expert opinion.…”

“…Defining temporomandibular disorder Temporomandibular disorder involves pain and dysfunction to the TMJ, jaw, and the muscles controlling these structures. 3 There are a variety of criteria to classify temporomandibular disorder; the more commonly mentioned tool is the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. 5 This considers temporomandibular disorder across two axes.…”

“…Temporomandibular disorder or temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction affects between 5 and 70 per cent of the Caucasian population, and is commonly seen in otolaryngology out-patient clinics. [1][2][3][4] Although not classically an ENT problem, temporomandibular disorder often causes otolaryngological symptoms. This leads to ENT referral for further investigation.…”

Rhinogenic and nonrhinogenic headaches

“…Other orofacial pain syndromes of myofascial or vascular origin can give rise to pain in the jaws or in the masticatory muscles. Such syndromes should be excluded from the definition of rhinogenic facial pain or of nonrhinogenic pain of the mid-face (see below) [18,19].…”