The essential work of fracture for tearing of ductile metals

Mai, Yiu‐Wing; Cotterell, B.

doi:10.1007/bf00032685

Cited by 107 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…10 and 11 are J-controlled and there is an approximately linear relationship between w£ and 1. By comparing (2) to (10) and (11), under J-controlled crack growth conditions, we can identify Jc with the specific essential work w e and observe that d J / d a is four and two times, respectively the slopes of the w/ versus 1 plots for the D E N T and DESN specimens. As mentioned above, there are inaccuracies in this comparison, but J¢ and w e should be identical (as we have already shown in Section 2.2 and Table 2 for the polyethylene).…”

Section: Relationship Between J-integral and The Essential Work Of Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present paper, we wish to show how the essential work of fracture concept can be extended to a range of ductile polymers that neck before fracture. Only mode I loading using D E N T specimens are discussed here, although in the case of metals we have studied the essential works of fracture in mixed mode [9] and out-of-plane tearing mode [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the essential work of ductile fracture in polymers

1986

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The essential work of fracture concept has been extended to cover ductile tearing of polymeric materials that neck before fracture. It is shown that the plane stress specific essential fracture work (w e) can be obtained from deeply edge-notched tension specimens, containing either single or double notches, by extrapolating the straight line relationship between the total specific fracture work (Wy) and ligament length (1) to zero ligament. In this way, specific essential fracture works have been obtained for nylon 66 and two polyethylenes. It seems that w e is a material property for a given sheet thickness being independent of specimen geometry. The straight line relationship between w / a n d / breaks down when the ligament length to sheet thickness ratio is less than about three, since the fracture data fall in the plane stress-plane strain transition region. However, a plane strain specific essential fracture work can still be obtained by extrapolating the least squares curve of the data to zero ligament provided the thickness satisfies plane strain condition. If this condition is not satisfied a near plane strain value is obtained which is dependent upon thickness. This method is also appropriate for ductile polymers like the rubber modified polystyrenes that craze rather than neck.JR curves have also been obtained for nylon 66 and the polyethylenes. Under strictly J-controlled crack growth conditions, it is shown that the intercept and slope of the JR curve, i.e. Jc and dJ/da, are related to the intercept and slope of the w/versus l plot. The limited amounts of J-controlled data available have precluded a more definite and general conclusion to be made. But based on what little is available, the comparisons of these two quantities in the J R -Aa and w / -1 plots are. not unreasonable.

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Section: Relationship Between J-integral and The Essential Work Of Frmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the essential work of ductile fracture in polymers

1986

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“…This will be then followed by a consideration of the crack bridging system. Finally, the combined effects of the frontal process zone/following wake and crack bridging phenomena will be examined in relation to the essential workof-fracture 7e which has been defined by Cotterell and Mai as the extraporated work-of-fracture to bo = 0 [22,[26][27][28][29].…”

Section: The Essential Work-of-fracture "/Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…2(a), the effect of the process zone spread over the remaining ligament becomes dominant for a shorter remaining ligament, as shown in Fig. 2(b), and the total work-of-fracture comprises two energy absorbing processes [22,[26][27][28][29]; Wwof = 27sboB + 2fll¢wbZB, (2.16) where fll is the shape factor describing the geometrical detail of the fully developed frontal process zone [22,[26][27][28][29] It should be noticed in (2.17) that a linear relationship exists between 7wol and bo. The extrapolated fracture energy to bo = 0 i.e.…”

Section: Microfracture Processes In the Frontal Process Zone And The mentioning

confidence: 99%

Work-of-fracture of brittle materials with microcracking and crack bridging

Sakai

Ichikawa

1992

Int J Fract

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The fracture mechanics basis of fracture energies is considered through micromechanical phenomena in the crack tip frontal process zone, the following crack wake and crack bridging regions of brittle materials, such as cement-based materials, rocks, ceramics, and ceramic composites. The discussion is mainly focused on the workof-fracture parameter (Two f) as a material characteristic for representing the resistance to crack extension. Theoretical considerations of the dependence of 7wof on the unnotched remaining ligament length of the fracture test specimen lead to the concept of the 'essential work-of-fracture, 7e'. The experimental results obtained for three different types of ceramic materials support the theoretical predictions.

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“…The length of each leg of this specimen is the initial crack length. The fracture mode in this trouser tear specimen is a combination of mode I and III [18], and the major governing mode of the two is dependent upon the material. In flexible materials, the fracture mode would be predominantly in mode I as can be seen from the experimental results of rubber tearing shown by Rivlin and Thomas [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method to determine the R-curve of flexible materials using a monotonic loading of a single trouser tear specimen

Joe

Kim

1990

Int J Fract

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It is shown that the R-curve of flexible materials can be determined using a monotonic loading of a single trouser tear specimen. The load-displacement records of trouser tear specimens are analyzed based on the locus method which determines the critical J-integral value (J~) using the locus line of crack initiation points on toad-displacement curves of specimens which differ only in initial crack length. Based on this analysis, it is shown that the crack resistance (R) during crack growth including crack initiation and steady state crack propagation can be expressed in terms of quantities that are directly related to the load-displacement plane, and that R can be simplified to a linear function of load. It is also shown that the crack growth (C) can be expressed as a linear function of load-point displacement. The load-displacement record of trouser tearing is then converted to an R-curve simply by changing the scale on each axis. The effectiveness of this method is illustrated experimentally by constructing the R-curve directly from the load-displacement record of a trouser tear specimen made from a thermoplastic rubber sheet.

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The essential work of fracture for tearing of ductile metals

Cited by 107 publications

References 12 publications

On the essential work of ductile fracture in polymers

On the essential work of ductile fracture in polymers

Work-of-fracture of brittle materials with microcracking and crack bridging

A method to determine the R-curve of flexible materials using a monotonic loading of a single trouser tear specimen

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