The Establishment of an Optimal Protocol for Contrast‐Enhanced Micro‐Computed Tomography in the Cloudy Catshark Scyliorhinus torazame

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal imaging protocol for contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CECT) using micro‐CT (μ‐CT) for the posterior cardinal vein (PCV), dorsal aorta (DA), hepatic portal vein (HPV), kidney, liver, cephalic arteries (CAs), and gills of Cloudy Catsharks Scyliorhinus torazame. Additionally, we examined the availability of CECT screening for the coelomic organs. Different doses of iopamidol (100, 300, 500, and 700 mg iodine [mgI]/kg) were administered intravenously for 20 s in six sharks. The CT scans from the pectoral girdle to the pelvic girdle were performed at 0–600 s after administration. Contrast‐enhanced CT imaging of the CAs, gills, and coelomic organs was examined. Assessment of the signal enhancement value revealed that the PCV was easily visualized with all contrast doses at 25 s. The CAs, gills, and DA were visible at a slightly higher dose (CAs and gills: 200 mgI/kg at 40 s; DA: 300 mgI/kg at 50 s). The HPV was obvious at a dose of at least 500 mgI/kg after a 150‐s delay. The parenchyma of the kidney had a contrast effect at 300 mgI/kg, 150 s after the contrast effect of the renal portal system disappeared. The liver, which stores a lot of lipids, had poor overall contrast enhancement that was optimized at the highest dose of 700 mgI/kg. Contrast‐enhanced CT screening at 700 mgI/kg and 150 s is likely to obtain the optimal imaging of the reproductive organs, such as the ovary, oviducal gland, uterus, and testis. The present findings can be applied not only to clinical practice but also to academic research and education on elasmobranchs in aquariums.

Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography and cross‐sectional anatomy of the trunk in the brownbanded bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum)

“…However, among the parenchymal organs, the liver had a low signal enhancement of 17.56 HU. This is in agreement with a study that found that the signal enhancement of the liver of a cloudy catshark ( Scyliorhinus torazame ) did not increase as expected in mammals, because the fat vacuoles in the liver impeded the inflow and circulation of contrast medium (Ito et al, 2021). In contrast, the signal enhancement was significantly higher (19.17 HU) in the lumen of the seminal vesicle, which was higher than the signal enhancement in the liver.…”

“…After the anaesthetised sharks were examined using the NCCT scan for ~1 min, they were returned to the tank for sufficient oxygenation. Based on the results of a previous study (Ito et al, 2021), iopamidol (Oypalomin; Fuji Pharma) with an iodine concentration of 700 mg/kg was administered manually for 20 s via the caudal vein. A CECT scan was performed 30 min after administration of contrast medium.…”