The Estimation of Antipyrine in Biological Materials

1 Recent work on the toxicology of chloramphenicol suggests that its propensity to cause damage to the blood forming organs may be related to its potential for nitro-reduction and the subsequent production of nitric oxide. 2 In this study both aerobic and anaerobic nitro-reduction of chloramphenicol by human foetal and neonatal liver results in the production of the amine derivative. However intermediates of the reaction nitroso-or glutathionesulphinamido-chloramphenicol could not be detected by hplc. 3 Perfusion of chloramphenicol through isolated lobules of human placentae caused a decrease in blood pressure at a time which coincided with a peak of nitric oxide production. However, although the pressure drop could be reversed by an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase, the nitric oxide profile remained the same. 4 These observations suggest that involvement of the para-nitro group of chloramphenicol could cause both hemotoxicity and hypotension in susceptible individuals.

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“…Antipyrine assay: The concentration of antipyrine was measured spectrophotometrically 22 with a coef®cient of variation of 10 ± 14%.…”

Section: Placental Perfusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nitro-reduction and nitric oxide in the toxicity of chloramphenicol

Holt

Bajoria

1999

Hum Exp Toxicol

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“…Data in Table 4 showed that TBS in 10 calves during 1 week under heat stress conditions loosed about 15 kg including a decrease of about (Kamal and Habeeb, 1999;Habeeb and Gad, 2018). [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Estimation of the HTC or heat adaptability (heat stress index) based on TBW and TBS or TBW/100 kg TBS ratios are presented in the following:…”

Section: Estimation Of Heat Adaptability (Heat Tolerance Coefficient [Htc]) In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Antipyrine (ANP) may be used in the estimation of TBW in live animals. Measuring the TBW of the animal in vivo by ANP has been developed by Brodie et al (1949). This conventional method of Brodie involves the use of ANP (l-phenyl-2, 3-dimethylpyrazolone-5-one) for estimating TBW by injection 1 g/100 kg body weight of ANP in distilled water intravenously from a calibrated syringe and five blood samples are withdrawn at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 h subsequently and protein precipitation for plasma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Habeeb¹

2021

AEXTJ

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Estimating the total body water (TBW) in the live animals using the antipyrine substance as a modified technique was the first objective of this research. TBW was estimated in vivo in 10 native bovine calves using the conventional method (extrapolation technique) and also by the suggested modified method (equilibration technique). The averages of TBW in native bovine calves were 136.5 ± 16 and 133.1 ± 16 L by convention and modified technique, respectively, without significant differences between the two techniques. The accuracy of the modified technique was 97.5% as compared with the convention method, and at the same time, the new method is an easy, simple, accurate, and quick technique and more reliable. Estimation of heat adaptability of animals to heat stress conditions was the second objective of this research. Animals when exposed to high ambient temperature the TBW increases and consequently TBS (live body weight-TBW) decreases with different percentages according to the animal response to stressful conditions. TBW or TBS values were estimated before and after heat stress exposure and the percentage change in TBW or TBS in the animal due to heat stress may be used for evaluating the animal's adaptability to heat stress. The percentage increase in TBW or the percentage decrease in TBS due to heat stress conditions may be used as an index for heat tolerance coefficient (HTC). The most heat tolerance animals are those with the highest HTC values.

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“…Measurement of body fat content based on determination of total body water.-If the percentage of water in the lean body mass is constant for healthy adults then it should be possible to estimate the fat content from the determination of total body water. Murray Steele and his co-workers, Messinger, Soberman, et al [5,6,7], were able to make satisfactory total body water determinations in man based on the content of injected antipyrine in blood and body fluids. Employing the method of specific gravity as an independent estimate of fat content it was found that the percentage of water in the lean body mass was about 72.…”

Section: Section Of Experimental Medicine and Therapeuticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discussion on Experimental Approaches to Obesity

1951

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine

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The Estimation of Antipyrine in Biological Materials

Cited by 374 publications

References 3 publications

The role of nitro-reduction and nitric oxide in the toxicity of chloramphenicol

The role of nitro-reduction and nitric oxide in the toxicity of chloramphenicol

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Discussion on Experimental Approaches to Obesity

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