“…If the local temperature of the unburned gases in the end-gas exceeds the mixture selfignition temperature, knocking combustion due to end-gas auto-ignition occurs. Thus, gas pressure oscillations and an audible ringing sound caused by reflecting pressure waves driven by the sudden release of energy are observed (Syrimis and Assanis, 2003, Coetzer et al, 2006, Zhen et al, 2012.…”