The Estimation of Second-Generation HR-pQCT From First-Generation HR-pQCT Using In Vivo Cross-Calibration

Manske, Sarah L.; Davison, Erin M; Burt, Lauren A; Raymond, Duncan A.; Boyd, Steven K.

doi:10.1002/jbmr.3128

Cited by 62 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Bold values indicate significant difference between cross‐sectional and longitudinal change. *Signifies values higher than the least‐significant change (LSC) over entire study duration (5 years) …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To compare if the changes we observed were clinically meaningful, we compared our results to LSC values previously published in the literature. (18,19,24) These previously published LSC studies used data generated in our laboratory and reflect the age range of the participants in the current study. Polynomial regression was used to determine the effect of age (as a continuous variable) on changes in bone health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ã Signifies values higher than the least-significant change (LSC) over entire study duration (5 years). (18,19,24) LSC not available for failure load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As with any longitudinal study, being able to determine if the observed change is larger than the error associated with the machine is essential. Short‐ and long‐term HR‐pQCT precision for young and older cohorts are established, and the least‐significant change (LSC) for density, geometry, and architectural parameters are known . Furthermore, recommendations on the required time interval needed to observe changes in area, density, and microarchitectural parameters have been established .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Short-and long-term HR-pQCT precision for young and older cohorts are established, and the leastsignificant change (LSC) for density, geometry, and architectural parameters are known. (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24) Furthermore, recommendations on the required time interval needed to observe changes in area, density, and microarchitectural parameters have been established. (21) A challenge of the current longitudinal HR-pQCT studies is the length of the follow-up time ranging from 1 to 3 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-sectional Versus Longitudinal Change in a Prospective HR-pQCT Study

Burt

Hanley

Boyd

2017

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Longitudinal studies assessing age-related changes using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) provide novel insight compared with cross-sectional analyses. The purpose of this cohort study was 1) to determine individuals' change in HR-pQCT parameters over 5 years relative to least significant change (LSC), and 2) to evaluate if predicted rate of change from cross-sectional data is comparable to actual change from longitudinal investigation. A cohort of 466 (162 male, 304 female) participants completed two HR-pQCT scans with 5 years between assessments. After image registration, standard and cortical morphological analyses were conducted. Rate of bone microarchitectural change was compared between cross-sectional models and actual change calculated from longitudinal analyses. At the young end of the life span, we observed gains in total bone density of +0.2% to +2.9% per year, whereas the older participants (aged >50 years) lost total bone density at a rate of -0.3% to -1.3% per year. Declines in total bone density begin at age 40 years in females and 60 years in males, and significant adaptation was found at both ends of the age spectrum with respect to the LSC. Models predicting rate of change from cross-sectional data were similar to the actual change reported in this longitudinal study for total density and cortical thickness at the radius and cortical density at the tibia, but we found that changes in comparison to our 5-year longitudinal results were often overestimated from cross-sectional data. Studies aimed at observing age-related changes in a normative cohort, especially in a follow-up period of less than 5 years, are better to focus on the tibia rather than the radius because of the increased sensitivity to change at the tibia. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ã Signifies values higher than the least-significant change (LSC) over entire study duration (5 years). (18,19,24) LSC not available for failure load.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cross-sectional Versus Longitudinal Change in a Prospective HR-pQCT Study

Burt

Hanley

Boyd

2017

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Volumetric Bone Density and Bone Strength

Burt

Billington

Rose

et al. 2019

JAMA

254

291

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IMPORTANCE Few studies have assessed the effects of daily vitamin D doses at or above the tolerable upper intake level for 12 months or greater, yet 3% of US adults report vitamin D intakes of at least 4000 IU per day.OBJECTIVE To assess the dose-dependent effect of vitamin D supplementation on volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) and strength.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Three-year, double-blind, randomized clinical trial conducted in a single center in Calgary, Canada, from August 2013 to December 2017, including 311 community-dwelling healthy adults without osteoporosis, aged 55 to 70 years, with baseline levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) of 30 to 125 nmol/L. INTERVENTIONS Daily doses of vitamin D 3 for 3 years at 400 IU (n = 109), 4000 IU (n = 100), or 10 000 IU (n = 102). Calcium supplementation was provided to participants with dietary intake of less than 1200 mg per day. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESCo-primary outcomes were total volumetric BMD at radius and tibia, assessed with high resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and bone strength (failure load) at radius and tibia estimated by finite element analysis. RESULTSOf 311 participants who were randomized (53% men; mean [SD] age, 62.2 [4.2] years), 287 (92%) completed the study. Baseline, 3-month, and 3-year levels of 25(OH)D were 76.3, 76.7, and 77.4 nmol/L for the 400-IU group; 81.3, 115.3, and 132.2 for the 4000-IU group; and 78.4, 188.0, and 144.4 for the 10 000-IU group. There were significant group × time interactions for volumetric BMD. At trial end, radial volumetric BMD was lower for the 4000 IU group (−3.9 mg HA/cm 3 [95% CI, −6.5 to −1.3]) and 10 000 IU group (−7.5 mg HA/cm 3 [95% CI, −10.1 to −5.0]) compared with the 400 IU group with mean percent change in volumetric BMD of −1.2% (400 IU group), −2.4% (4000 IU group), and −3.5% (10 000 IU group). Tibial volumetric BMD differences from the 400 IU group were −1.8 mg HA/cm 3 (95% CI, −3.7 to 0.1) in the 4000 IU group and −4.1 mg HA/cm 3 in the 10 000 IU group (95% CI, −6.0 to −2.2), with mean percent change values of −0.4% (400 IU), −1.0% (4000 IU), and −1.7% (10 000 IU). There were no significant differences for changes in failure load (radius, P = .06; tibia, P = .12).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among healthy adults, treatment with vitamin D for 3 years at a dose of 4000 IU per day or 10 000 IU per day, compared with 400 IU per day, resulted in statistically significant lower radial BMD; tibial BMD was significantly lower only with the 10 000 IU per day dose. There were no significant differences in bone strength at either the radius or tibia. These findings do not support a benefit of high-dose vitamin D supplementation for bone health; further research would be needed to determine whether it is harmful.

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Ethnic Differences in Peripheral Skeletal Development Among Urban South African Adolescents: A Ten-Year Longitudinal pQCT Study

Schoenbuchner

Pettifor

Norris

et al. 2017

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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There are no longitudinal pQCT data of bone growth and development from sub‐Saharan Africa, where rapid environmental, societal, and economic transitions are occurring, and where fracture rates are predicted to rise. The aim of this study was to compare skeletal development in black and white South African adolescents using longitudinal data from the Birth to Twenty study. The Birth to Twenty Bone Health subcohort consisted of 543 adolescents (261 [178 black] girls, 282 [201 black] boys). Annual pQCT measurements of the radial and tibial metaphysis and diaphysis were obtained between ages 12 and 22 years (distal metaphysis: cross‐sectional area [CSA] and trabecular bone mineral density [BMD]; diaphysis: total and cortical CSA, cortical BMD, and polar stress‐strain index [SSIp]). Age at peak height velocity (APHV) was calculated to account for differences in maturational timing between ethnic groups and sexes. Mixed‐effects models were used to describe trajectories for each pQCT outcome. Likelihood‐ratio tests were used to summarize the overall difference in trajectories between black and white participants within each sex. APHV (mean ± SD years) was similar in black (11.8 ± 0.8) and white (12.2 ± 1.0) girls, but delayed in black (14.2 ± 1.0) relative to white boys (13.3 ± 0.8). By 4 years post‐APHV, white adolescents had significantly greater cortical CSA and SSIp than black adolescents at the radius. There were no significant differences at the radial metaphysis but there was some divergence, such that black adolescents had greater radial trabecular BMD by the end of follow‐up. At the tibia, white adolescents had lower diaphyseal CSA and SSIp, and greater metaphyseal CSA. There was no ethnic difference in tibial trabecular BMD. There are ethnic differences in bone growth and development, independent of maturation, in South African adolescents. This work gives new insights into the possible etiology of childhood fractures, which occur most commonly as peripheral sites. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.

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The Estimation of Second-Generation HR-pQCT From First-Generation HR-pQCT Using In Vivo Cross-Calibration

Cited by 62 publications

References 34 publications

Cross-sectional Versus Longitudinal Change in a Prospective HR-pQCT Study

Cross-sectional Versus Longitudinal Change in a Prospective HR-pQCT Study

Effect of High-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation on Volumetric Bone Density and Bone Strength

Ethnic Differences in Peripheral Skeletal Development Among Urban South African Adolescents: A Ten-Year Longitudinal pQCT Study

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