The Ethanol Extract of Marine Sponge Aaptos suberitoides Suppress Cell Viability, Cell Proliferation and Cell Migration in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cell Line

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity, anti-proliferation and anti-migration effect of the ethanol extract of Aaptos suberitoides on trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer cell line. Methods: Aaptos suberitoides was collected from Tinjil Island, Banten, Indonesia, and was processed with maceration and ethanol extraction. HCC-1954 cells were treated with the ethanol extract and then followed by 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2.5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to assess cytotoxicity, clonogenic assay and three-dimensional (3D) spheroid assay to evaluate anti-proliferative effect in two-dimensional and 3D model, respectively, and wound healing assay to determine anti-cell migration effect. Four parametric regression was used to analyse the IC 50 . Results: This study revealed that the ethanol extract of Aaptos suberitoides suppressed cell viability in correlation with cell death induction. The IC 50 values of the ethanol extract of Aaptos suberitoides using MTT assay and clonogenic assay were 12.0 ppm and 4.36 ppm, respectively. The extract demonstrated an inhibition effect on spheroid growth. In low concentration, the extract of Aaptos suberitoides inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, MS analysis showed that the most abundant compounds in this extract has molecular weight m/z 229.81 [M+H]+. Conclusion: This study revealed that the ethanol extract of Aaptos suberitoides demonstrates cytotoxicity, anti-proliferation and anti-migration effect as well as inhibition effect on three-dimensional spheroid growth in trastuzumab-resistant HER2+ breast cancer cell line.

Structure–Activity Relationship of Cytotoxic Natural Products from Indonesian Marine Sponges

“…A few breast cancer-related cell lines are used on the cytotoxicity assay of recently isolated MNPs from Indonesian marine sponges, including MDA-MB-231, MCF7, and trastuzumab-resistant human epidermal growth factor 2 positive (HER2 +) cell lines. The recently extracted sponge, Aaptos suberitoides , shows a promising inhibition against HER2 + cell lines with IC 50 12 ppm (Bashari et al 2021 ). As the recent studies already reveal the potential cytotoxicity of Indonesian marine sponge, further research on compound isolation will provide remarkable benefits to obtain comprehensive comparison on the isolated compounds.…”

Anti-migration Effect of Aaptos suberitoides Fraction in HCT-116 Colorectal Cancer Cell Line

“…Furthermore, we can not eliminate Aaptos suberitoides that has the anti-migration effect, since other studies have proved otherwise with supporting result. 8,9,10 To evaluate this research, method evaluation is needed. Using other migration assays like Boyden Chamber assay and ORIS may affect the result.…”

“…8 In the HCC-1954 cell line, this extract (5 mg/l) reveals 45.23% gap closure in 72 hours. 9 Moreover, this extract (5 mg/l) has a potent effect in MDA-MB 231 TNBC cell line. 10 To prove that Aaptos suberitoides has an anti-cancer effect especially in colorectal cell line migration, we had conducted Aaptos suberitoides anti-migration potency in HCT-116 cell line.…”

Marine Sponge Aaptos suberitoides Extract Improves Antiproliferation and Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells without Cytotoxicity to Normal Cells In Vitro

“…Aaptos suberitoides (A. suberitoides) is a marine sponge harvesting in Indonesian waters [14], and it was also found on Orchid Island, Taiwan, in the present study. Recently, the ethanol extract of A. suberitoides was reported to inhibit the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells [15]. However, this study did not examine the detailed anticancer mechanism of ethanol extract of A. suberitoides.…”