The Ethanol Fraction of White Rose Petal Extract Abrogates Excitotoxicity-Induced Neuronal Damage In Vivo and In Vitro through Inhibition of Oxidative Stress and Proinflammation

Abstract

Since oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in seizure-related neurotoxicity, the neuroprotective effect of a white rose (Rosa hybrida) petal extract (WRPE) in mice that are challenged with kainic acid (KA) were examined using behavioral epileptiform seizures as well as biochemical and morphological parameters of oxidative stress and inflammation. WRPE (50–200 mg/kg) was orally administered to male ICR mice for 15 days, and intraperitoneally challenged with KA (30 mg/kg). Seizure activity, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokines, and related enzymes were analyzed in the brain tissue, in addition to the morphological alterations in the hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Separately, antioxidant ingredients in WRPE were analyzed, and antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities of WRPE were investigated in HB1.F3 human neural stem cells (NSCs) to elucidate underlying mechanisms. Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in WRPE were 303.3 ± 15.3 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract and 18.5 ± 2.2 mg catechin/g extract, respectively. WRPE exhibited strong radical-scavenging activities and inhibited lipid peroxidation in vitro, and protected glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in NSCs by suppressing inflammatory process. Treatment with WRPE attenuated epileptiform seizure scores to a half level in KA-challenged mice, and decreased hippocampal pyramidal neuronal injury and loss (cresyl violet and DAPI staining) as well as astrocyte activation (GFAP immunostaining). Lipid peroxidation was inhibited, and mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, PHGPx, SOD1, and SOD2) were recovered in the brain tissues. Inflammatory parameters (cytokines and enzymes) including NF-kB, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, HMGB1, TGF-β, iNOS, COX2, and GFAP mRNAs and proteins were also down-regulated by WRPE treatment. Taken together, the results indicate that WRPE could attenuate KA-induced brain injury through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities.

Hesperetin, a Citrus Flavonoid, Attenuates LPS-Induced Neuroinflammation, Apoptosis and Memory Impairments by Modulating TLR4/NF-κB Signaling

“…For morphological examinations, we conducted Nissl’s staining, which indicates the number of neuronal cells loss. Briefly, as previously described [33,34], the brain slides were washed with 1% PBS (0.01 M) followed by staining with a solution of Cresyl violet (0.5%) comprising a few drops of glacial acetic acids for 8–10 min. After that, sections were washed with distilled water followed by dehydration in graded ethanol of 70%, 95%, and 100%.…”

Improvement of Cognitive Function in Ovariectomized Rats by Human Neural Stem Cells Overexpressing Choline Acetyltransferase via Secretion of NGF and BDNF

“…Total RNA was isolated from primary cells using TRIzol Reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed as described previously [ 55 ]. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as the internal standard to normalize the expression of the target transcripts.…”

Pharmaceutical Advantages of GenoTX-407, A Combination of Extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Root and Magnolia officinalis Bark

“…Next, the wells were washed with PBS, refreshed with media containing either SBR (100 µg/mL) or MOB (20 µg/mL) or GenoTX-407 (20, 50 and 100 µg/mL), and incubated for 24 h. HeLa cells were homogenized in 10 volumes of radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Sigma-Aldrich) containing protease inhibitors (Sigma-Aldrich) and phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma-Aldrich). Western blot analysis was conducted as previously described [ 5 ]. The membranes were then immunoblotted with primary antibodies, followed by incubation with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit antibodies (Cell signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).…”

“…Chlorogenic acid prevents gastritis through its anti-inflammatory activity [ 4 ]. Moreover, a variety of plant-derived phenolic compounds have been reported to possess distinct antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that contribute to their therapeutic functions [ 5 ].…”