The Ethics of Psychometrics in Social Media: A Rawlsian Approach

Bay, Morten

doi:10.24251/hicss.2018.217

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…to their interests and "opinions (e.g., political stances)" from the data they post and consume 9 (Wachter and Mittelstadt 2019, p. 4). These psychometric categorisations allow advertisements (and content) to be targeted at specific 'audiences' (Bay 2018(Bay , p. 1723) -the same process by which Cambridge Analytica categorised possible voters into "universes" and social marketeers sort potential customers into "buckets" (Bartlett 2018, p. 83). Does this categorisation, however, amount to individuals being assigned a digital identity based on their digital performances?…”

Section: Figure 1 a Schematic Delineating An Individual's Various Kinds Of Identities And Their Relationships To Different Presentations mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporatised Identities ≠ Digital Identities: Algorithmic Filtering on Social Media and the Commercialisation of Presentations of Self

Smith

2020

Philosophical Studies Series

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Goffman's (1959) dramaturgical identity theory requires modification when theorising about presentations of self on social media. This chapter contributes to these efforts, refining a conception of digital identities by differentiating them from 'corporatised identities'. Armed with this new distinction, I ultimately argue that social media platforms' production of corporatised identities undermines their users' autonomy and digital well-being. This follows from the disentanglement of several commonly conflated concepts. Firstly, I distinguish two kinds of presentation of self that I collectively refer to as 'expressions of digital identity'. These digital performances (boyd 2007) and digital artefacts (Hogan 2010) are distinct, but often confused. Secondly, I contend this confusion results in the subsequent conflation of corporatised identities -poor approximations of actual digital identities, inferred and extrapolated by algorithms from individuals' expressions of digital identity -with digital identities proper. Finally, and to demonstrate the normative implications of these clarifications, I utilise MacKenzie's (2014MacKenzie's ( , 2019 interpretation of relational autonomy to propose that designing social media sites around the production of corporatised identities, at the expense of encouraging genuine performances of digital identities, has undermined multiple dimensions of this vital liberal value. In particular, the pluralistic range of authentic preferences that should structure flourishing human lives are being flattened and replaced by commercial, consumerist preferences. For these reasons, amongst others, I contend that digital identities should once again come to drive individuals' actions on social media sites.Only upon doing so can individuals' autonomy, and control over their digital identities, be rendered compatible with social media.

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Section: Figure 1 a Schematic Delineating An Individual's Various Kinds Of Identities And Their Relationships To Different Presentations mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corporatised Identities ≠ Digital Identities: Algorithmic Filtering on Social Media and the Commercialisation of Presentations of Self

Smith

2020

Philosophical Studies Series

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“…OSINF offers cultural, educational, social, and economic benefits. But, according to American philosopher John Rawls, "filtering some for the sake of message effectiveness is unethical" [2]. Disadvantages, such as misinformation, breach of several fundamental rights, can greatly affect ethical norms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethics and Open Sources

Baiasu

2020

LUMEN Proceedings

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Ethics is a system of moral principles and methods applicable to all activities. The two terms in our research, ethics and open sources, seem to contradict each other because the activity of using information obtained through open sources respects the norms of ethics as long as the information is real and legally obtained. The evolution of information and technology led to changes in the private and public fields, both at the organizational and decision-making level. Through this study, we want to show that violating the rules of ethics in the field of open source can be done easily, although it is an area where many countries are deficient in taking measures to stop irregularities. By applying optimal management of information obtained from open sources, areas such as economic, educational, or social can be improved in a relatively short time and can generate increases in the areas in which they are applied. The search for information in open sources, as a resource and engine for development, has become a visible priority of classical methods. The benefits of technology can lead, intentionally or unintentionally, to breaches of ethical standards in obtaining and using information from open sources. The misuse of open-source information can lead to intentional or involuntary misinformation, as well as violations of fundamental rights.

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“…Companies are ethically responsible for protecting their customers by being truthful and transparent in their marketing communications. Thus, spreading fake news or failing to correct false information regarding their products or services is unethical and can damage the trust that customers and other stakeholders have in their brand [115,116]. For instance, Wisker [117], explains that marketers leverage consumers' emotions to improve the persuasion effect, meaning that the values shared in promotional content must align with individual values and beliefs.…”

Section: Ethical and Legal Implications Of Fake News In Marketingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fake News in Marketing

Silva¹,

Rosário²,

Gestoso³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Fake news was conventionally assumed to mean fabricated information published in newspapers and other mass media. It was mostly done to increase the paper's sales and was unlikely to have long-term impacts on society. Fake news in marketing concerns intentionally delivering false or misleading information regarding a product or service to influence consumer behavior. Despite the severity of these impacts, we noted that there is very little scientific research on fake news in marketing and consumer behavior. This systematic literature review (LRSB) aims to bridge this knowledge gap by searching and analysing relevant publications on "fake news in marketing" and synthesising data from 117 relevant studies, providing a framework for marketers and business leaders to reduce the spread and impact of online misinformation. The main highlights identify that the implementation and use of social media, shaping a presence on the internet, diffusion, and consumption of fake news have become a serious challenge and a dominant problem in the marketing sector, especially with the growth of digital marketing. Strategically, fake news spread can be categorized into various types, and the use of these tactics can produce short-term benefits such as increased engagement and instant sales, but they can also have severe long-term costs such as reputational damage, loss of revenues and market share, and discouraged investors and shareholders.

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The Ethics of Psychometrics in Social Media: A Rawlsian Approach

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Corporatised Identities ≠ Digital Identities: Algorithmic Filtering on Social Media and the Commercialisation of Presentations of Self

Corporatised Identities ≠ Digital Identities: Algorithmic Filtering on Social Media and the Commercialisation of Presentations of Self

Ethics and Open Sources

Fake News in Marketing

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