The ethnic distribution of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase: Presence and levels in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Europid and Asian subjects

Zimmet, Paul; Rowley, Merrill J.; Mackay, Ian R.; Knowles, William J.; Chen, Qiao Yi; Chapman, Leon H; Serjeantson, S. W.

doi:10.1016/1056-8727(93)90016-r

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, our figure for Chinese IDDM patients is consistent with a generally lower prevalence of IDDM-associated autoantibodies in Asians. Studies with small patient cohorts showed GADab prevalence rates of only 5±29 % in Japanese, Koreans, Thais and Chinese residents of Hong Kong [15,16]. These observations were subsequently repeated by Tuomi et al [12].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Anti-GAD antibodies in Chinese patients with youth and adult-onset IDDM and NIDDM

Thai

Loke

et al. 1997

Diabetologia

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Anti-GAD antibodies in Chinese patients with youth and adult-onset IDDM and NIDDM

Thai

Loke

et al. 1997

Diabetologia

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“…According to the literature, anti-GAD prevalence among Asian groups was relatively low compared with that of Caucasians (33,34). Anti-GAD prevalence rates are reported to be only 5-29% in Japanese, Koreans, Thais, and Chinese residents of Hong Kong (34)(35)(36). However, the frequency of anti-GAD in our patients is higher compared with those results.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Relationship between autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, thyroglobulin/thyroid microsome and DNA topoisomerase II in the clinical manifestation of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan

Shiau¹,

Tsai²,

Hwang

et al. 2000

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: In a preliminary cross-sectional study, we discovered that DNA topoisomerase II autoantibodies (anti-TopII) were detected in 49.2% of 195 Chinese type 1 diabetes mellitus (type 1 DM) patients with a mean age of 14.5 years and a mean duration of disease of 4.6 years. In order to demonstrate the relationship between anti-TopII and other immunological characteristics in Chinese type 1 DM patients, and to evaluate its putative prediction efficacy in Chinese patients, we simultaneously examined the frequency of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies (anti-GAD), anti-TopII, antithyroglobulin/antimicrosomal autoantibodies (ATA/AMiA) and C-peptide concentrations in our patients in the present study. Design and Methods:The frequency of anti-GAD and C-peptide levels, anti-TopII, and ATA/AMiA were examined in our patients by radioimmunoassay, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay and hemagglutination respectively. Univariate comparisons were performed using Student's t-test for normal distributed data and Chi-square test for diclomatous data. Multivariate analysis was used for interpreting the independent risk factors which increased the incidence of anti-TopII. Results and Conclusions:The positivities for anti-GAD, anti-TopII, ATA/AMiA and C-peptide were 45.8%, 50.2%, 13.4% and 11.4% respectively. Anti-GAD and anti-TopII frequencies in our patients were similar when we stratified the patients by age, age at onset and duration. These observations imply that anti-GAD and anti-TopII remain persistent in Chinese patients with long-term type 1 DM duration. The most interesting finding is that anti-TopII frequency is more persistent than anti-GAD in our patients, especially when the diabetic duration is longer than 11 years. This indicates that antiTopII, rather than anti-GAD, might act as a better indicator for monitoring the pathogenesis of Chinese type 1 DM patients especially in patients with a long-standing duration of disease. The late age of onset (>18 years) is a risk factor which increased the incidence of anti-TopII according to multivariate analysis. We further analyzed different manifestations between the youth-and adult-onset type 1 DM and found that adult-onset type 1 DM is characterized by better preservation of residual b-cell function and higher frequencies of autoantibodies.

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“…as from European countries [3,15]. The reasons for the worldwide differences in frequencies of various autoantibodies amongst patient populations of T1D are poorly understood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Majority of the data on prevalence of autoimmunity in T1D has emerged from the developed countries. There is however wide variation in the frequencies of various autoantibodies in different populations of the world [3]. The prevalence of pancreatic autoantibodies is much lower in India as compared to other populations and has been considered to result from etiologic heterogeneity of T1D [3][4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Beta-Cell, Thyroid and Celiac Autoimmunity in North Indian Children with Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Dayal

Samprati

Kaur

et al. 2015

JCDR

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The ethnic distribution of antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase: Presence and levels in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Europid and Asian subjects

Cited by 52 publications

References 35 publications

Anti-GAD antibodies in Chinese patients with youth and adult-onset IDDM and NIDDM

Anti-GAD antibodies in Chinese patients with youth and adult-onset IDDM and NIDDM

Relationship between autoantibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, thyroglobulin/thyroid microsome and DNA topoisomerase II in the clinical manifestation of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Taiwan

Prevalence of Beta-Cell, Thyroid and Celiac Autoimmunity in North Indian Children with Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

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