The Ethnic Vietnamese in Cambodia: A Minority at Risk?

Amer, Ramses

doi:10.1355/cs16-2e

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Large Vietnamese communities exist along the Mekong and Tonle Sap rivers, encompassing sizeable populations in Kampong Chnang, Battambang and along substantial regions of the Eastern border (Ehrentraut, 2013). Alongside an ongoing history of trade, many of these communities date back to one or more distinct historical events, from the Vietnamese occupation of 1835-40, to the immigration of Vietnamese administrators during the French colonisation of 1863-1954(Minority Rights Group, 1995, to the influx of Vietnamese migrants which took place during the People's Republic of Kampuchea [PRK] administration from 1979 to 1989 (Amer, 1994). This variety is reflected in a complex landscape of citizenship, involving various combinations of documentation.…”

Section: Heterogeneous Documentation and Articulated Bureaucracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, studies of statelessness amongst particular ethnic groups have been undertaken in numerous parts of Asia, with the Biharis in Bangladesh (Redclift, 2013;Hussain, 2009;Farzana, 2008, Paulsen, 2006 most prominent amongst academic studies, followed by the Rohingya in Myanmar (Parnini 2013;Rahman, 2010;Lewa, 2009) and Tamil in Sri Lanka (Kanapathipillai, 2009;Kanapathipillai, 1995). As in a number of these contexts, the literature on statelessness within Cambodia itself is limited, with only a small selection of academic works on the Vietnamese population (Berman, 1996;Amer, 1994) available, alongside a handful of more recent studies (Rumsby, 2015;Ang et al, 2014;Duoos, 2012;Sperfeldt and Nguyen, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seeing like the stateless: Documentation and the mobilities of liminal citizenship in Cambodia

Parsons

Lawreniuk

2018

Political Geography

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King's College LondonThis paper explores de facto statelessness amongst ethnically Vietnamese communities in Cambodia. It demonstrates that the inaccessibility of citizenship rights is not rooted directly in what documents an individual possesses, but in collective mobilities driven by a combination or past and present and potential risks. Specifically, the reluctance of officials to replace documents for those they perceive not to be ethnically Khmer means that even ethnically Vietnamese Cambodians possessing a full set of documents -and who have never crossed a border -are encouraged to pursue similar mobilities to those who have none, including first generation immigrants. The higher level of environmental risk associated with these ethnically mediated, informal livelihoods further reduces these households' stocks of physical documentation, inducing a reliance on social networks that are vulnerable to evictions and harassment.On this basis, this paper proposes the category of liminal statelessness, in order to better conceptualize a situation in which people with different legal statuses and abilities to prove them share livelihoods characterized by the non-exercise of citizenship rights. its aftermath -has left their communities with a patchwork of documentation whose impacts are felt across generations. For those thus afflicted, citizenship is therefore not an absolute state, but a question of degree (Ang et al., 2014;Sperfeldt and Nguyen, 2012), rooted more in the everyday judgments of ethnicity enacted by officials than such abstractions as legal status and entitlement. Statelessness for ethnically Vietnamese populations is therefore continually re-entrenched by shared practices of mobility which help to circumvent these forms of administrative marginality, but also mark out those who undertake them as subject to uncertain citizenship. Referred to here as collective mobilities, these practices of movement become a key form of distinction between those whose legal status is secure and those whose isn't.These everyday, practiced, nuances of statelessness are, however, little noted in a literature dominated by legalistic frameworks, leaving the full 'complexity and gravity of the problem of statelessness' (Van Waas, 2009: 133) underexplored. In particular, the category of 'de facto' statelessness remains unclearly delineated, especially in its relationship to limited or ineffective citizenship. This paper therefore proposes the category of liminal statelessness, a conceptualization that focuses on the gray areas between citizenship and statelessness, in order to highlight the multiple heterogenous factors beyond documentation and legal status that combine to influence interaction between communities and the state.After outlining the theoretical, methodological and empirical background to the study, the paper will use data from an ethnographic, multi-sited, study to present this argument in three parts. First, it will highlight the articulated nature of exclusion faced by ethnically Vietnamese communities in C...

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Section: Heterogeneous Documentation and Articulated Bureaucracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seeing like the stateless: Documentation and the mobilities of liminal citizenship in Cambodia

Parsons

Lawreniuk

2018

Political Geography

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“…Suriye, Lübnan'ı kendine sömürge yapmıştır, çünkü Lübnan Suriye'den ayrı bir devlettir. Ayrıca 1994'te Suriye, Lübnan'a baskı uygulamış, böylece binlerce Suriyeli yerleşimci Lübnan yurttaşlığına sahip olmuştur (Jaulin, 2014, s. 250) (Amer, 1994(Amer, ). 1975'te Kızıl Kimmerlerin Kamboçya'da iktidara el koymasıyla, Vietnamlı azınlık katliamlara maruz kalmıştır.…”

Section: Suriye-lübnan öRneğiunclassified

Understanding the Israeli Right’s Legal Approach on the Status of the West Bank

Çakmak

2023

TESAM Akademi Dergisi

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Arap devletleri, Batı Şeria’daki Yahudi yerleşimlerinin, Dördüncü Cenevre Sözleşmesi’nin 49 (6) Maddesi’ni ihlal ettiğini ve İsrail’in Batı Şeria’da işgalci olduğunu savunurlar. İsrail sağı ise, bir işgal olmadığını, sorunun tartışmalı topraklar sorunu olduğunu öne sürer. İsrail sağına göre, İsrail Batı Şeria’yı ilhak edebilir. Türkiye’de yaygın olarak İsrail sağının Batı Şeria’daki hak iddiası dinsel gerekçelere göre açıklanır. İsrail sağının Batı Şeria’nın statüsüne dair hukuki yaklaşımı önemsenmez. Bu ise, İsrail siyasetini anlamayı sınırlandırır. Çalışma ile Türkçe literatürdeki bu eksikliğin giderilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışmada, İsrail sağının, Doğu Timor, Batı Sahra, Suriye-Lübnan ile Vietnam-Kamboçya örneklerine bakışı açıklanmakta ve böylece İsrail sağının Batı Şeria’nın statüsüne dair temel tezinin anlaşılması sağlanmaktadır. ABD’nin Batı Şeria’nın statüsüne yaklaşımı ele alınmakta ve İsrail sağının tezi üzerinden tartışma yürütülmektedir. İsrail sağının Batı Şeria’nın statüsüne dair temel tezi Pompeo Doktrini’nin iskeletini teşkil ettiği için, çalışma Pompeo Doktrini’ni doğru değerlendirmeye imkan sunmaktadır. Çalışma ile İsrail’e yönelik çifte standardı görmek mümkündür.

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“…Specific estimates of Vietnamese settlement vary greatly and are coloured by politics, with estimates running between 300,000 and 700,000. 73 The actual numbers continue to baffle demographers, with modal numbers in the 400,000-500,000 range. The settlers fell into two groups: as many as half were returning to Cambodia after having fled violence in the previous decade, while another was 'new migration of Vietnamese settlers who established themselves as shop owners, vendors, farmers or fishermen' .…”

Section: Vietnam/ Cambodiamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Jus Post Bellum of Illegally Transferred Settler Populations

Kontorovich¹

2020

Just Peace After Conflict

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This chapter studies the jus post bellum regime for dealing with settlers in occupied territories. This chapter proceeds by examining several major conflicts that involve the migration of civilians from the territory of an occupying power into an occupied territory, since the adoption of the Fourth Geneva Convention. After describing the nature of possible violations in each case, the chapter examines the post bellum treatment of the settlers. Several of these conflicts (Indonesia/East Timor; Vietnam/Cambodia; Russia/the Baltics) have actually gone through the post bellum phase. These provide the most robust evidence for how workable conflict resolution deals with settlers. Regarding the ongoing conflicts, this chapter examines the proposed international models for the post bellum situation, none of which contemplates a removal of settlers.

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The Ethnic Vietnamese in Cambodia: A Minority at Risk?

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Seeing like the stateless: Documentation and the mobilities of liminal citizenship in Cambodia

Seeing like the stateless: Documentation and the mobilities of liminal citizenship in Cambodia

Understanding the Israeli Right’s Legal Approach on the Status of the West Bank

The Jus Post Bellum of Illegally Transferred Settler Populations

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