The etiology of periodontal disease revisited by population genetic analysis

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans as an Early Colonizer of Oral Tissues: Epithelium as a Reservoir?

“…These demographic patterns raise questions as to how and why certain groups of individuals are more prone to A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization. This global distribution could result from infection due to random but more frequent exposure to A. actinomycetemcomitans by individuals or groups of individuals on one continent than on another (21). Alternatively, A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization could be dependent on the specificity of the outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of the infecting bacteria and their interaction and coupling with surface receptors of host cells (1,37).…”

“…actinomycetemcomitans resides in the oral cavity, is a member of the Haemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, and Kingella (HACEK) group of "pathogenic" microorganisms, and has been found on six continents (21). While population-based data are far from extensive, A. actinomycetemcomitans has been found in a small subset of individuals in the North and South American continents as well as in Europe, with a lower prevalence in Caucasian individuals and a higher prevalence in individuals from Asia and Africa (2,3,15,16,28,29).…”

Virulence Mechanisms of Leukotoxin from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

“…Molecular genetics has demonstrated a degree of biodiversity in the oral microflora and A. actinomycetemcomitans is genetically heterogeneous and comprises distinct clonal lineages that may have different virulence potentials (Kittichotirat et al, 2011). Seven serotypes have been identified among A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates; each serotype represents a distinct clonal lineage (Kaplan et al, 2002;Kilian et al, 2006;Takada et. al., 2010).…”

Oral microflora of supragingival and subgingival biofilms in Algerian healthy adults

“…In contrast to an earlier view that the oral microbiome consists of large numbers of uncultivated species (Paster et al, 2001), it has been recently demonstrated that the majority of oral bacterial profiles detected by 16S pyrosequencing method could be mapped to cultivated species (Griffen et al, 2012 ) The impact of the oral microbial community on shifting the balance from health to disease cannot be understood without a comprehensive view of a healthy community. Unfortunately, little attention has been paid to the human oral microbiome of the healthy oral cavity, as most studies of the human oral cavity have focused on identifying bacteria that might be associated with diseases (Becker et al, 2002;Kumar et al, 2003;Diaz et al, 2006;Kilian et al, 2006;Machado de Oliveira et al, 2007;Faveri et al, 2008). In order to diagnose and treat disease at an early and reversible stage, one needs to describe the commensal microbiome associated with health (Keijser et al, 2008).…”