The Etiology of Pneumonia in HIV-uninfected Children in Kilifi, Kenya

Awori, Juliet O.; Kamau, Alice; Morpeth, Susan; Kazungu, Sidi; Silaba, Micah; Sande, Joyce; Karani, Angela; Nyongesa, Sammy; Mwarumba, Salim; Musyimi, Robert; Bett, Anne; Wande, Siti; Mohammed, Shebe; Ngama, Mwanajuma; Munywoki, Patrick K.; Muturi, Neema; Nokes, D. James; Feikin, Daniel R.; Murdoch, David R.; Prosperi, Christine; O’Brien, Katherine L.; Knoll, Maria Deloria; Hammitt, Laura L.; Scott, John A.

doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000002653

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The disease is aggravated due to the spread of lung tissue inflammation. Severe pneumonia is a respiratory disease with a high incidence rate all over the world, and it is also a common acute respiratory disease in underage children, mostly caused by bacterial, viral, and other causes with clinical symptoms such as cough, fever, expectoration, and dyspnea [ 1 , 2 ]. Before the progression of pediatric pneumonia, most of the children have respiratory symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Application of the Concept of Childlike Interest with Refined Nursing Intervention in the Treatment of Children with Severe Pneumonia

Wang

2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Objectives. To analyze the application of childlike concept with refined nursing intervention in the treatment of children with severe pneumonia. Methods. 100 cases of children with severe pneumonia admitted to our hospital from June 2019 to June 2021 were selected and divided into the control group and the observation group, in which the control group was given refined nursing care and the observation group was given the childlike concept with refined nursing intervention to compare the treatment effects of patients in both groups. The clinical indexes such as recovery time of body temperature, disappearance time of pulmonary rales, recovery time of heart rate, disappearance time of cough, and hospitalization time, were compared between the two groups. Results. Compared with the control group, the time to recovery of body temperature, time to disappearance of pulmonary rales, time to recovery of heart rate, time to disappearance of cough, and hospitalization time were significantly lower in the observation group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the control group, the compliance rate of patients in the observation group was significantly lower, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the control group, the total effective rate of patients in the observation group was significantly higher, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). Compared with the control group, the overall satisfaction rate of patients in the observation group was significantly higher, and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ). The results of univariate analysis showed that the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) in terms of economic conditions, payment method, child’s condition, child’s age, comorbid underlying diseases, and nursing care method, and the results of logistic multifactor regression analysis showed that the payment method of self-payment, child’s critical condition, and comorbid underlying diseases were the most important factors affecting the anxiety of the family members of children with severe pneumonia. risk factors for the occurrence of anxiety in the families of children with severe pneumonia, and the method of care was a protective factor ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The concept of childlike fun and refined nursing interventions can effectively improve the treatment effect of children with severe pneumonia, improve patients’ condition, increase patients’ compliance and satisfaction, and reduce the risk of anxiety and other negative emotions of the child’s family members.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study on the Application of the Concept of Childlike Interest with Refined Nursing Intervention in the Treatment of Children with Severe Pneumonia

Wang

2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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“…Since the introduction of the PCV7 and PCV13 vaccines, large surveillance studies conducted in the United States and globally suggest that viral etiologies of CAP predominate in young children 5,20–24 . Respiratory syncytial virus, human rhinovirus, and human metapneumovirus are the most common viral etiologies of CAP in infants and children younger than 5 years both in the United States and globally.…”

Section: Introduction and Epidemiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children

Rees,

Kuppermann,

Florin

2023

Pediatr Emer Care

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the most common cause of childhood mortality globally. In the United States, CAP is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalization and antibiotic use and is associated with substantial morbidity. There has been a dramatic shift in microbiological etiologies for CAP in children over time as pneumococcal pneumonia has become less common and viral etiologies have become predominant. There is no commonly agreed on approach to the diagnosis of CAP in children. When indicated, antimicrobial treatment should consist of narrow-spectrum antibiotics. In this article, we will describe the current understanding of the microbiological etiologies, clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, risk factors, treatment, and future directions in the diagnosis and management of pediatric CAP.

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“…2–5 Using sensitive tools, detection of viruses during ALRIs in young children ranges from 55% to 97%. 2–6 The most commonly detected viruses in ALRI are respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and rhinovirus (RV). 3–5,7,8 Other frequent respiratory viruses are influenza viruses A and B (Flu-A, Flu-B), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), parainfluenza viruses (PIV), adenoviruses (AdV) and seasonal human coronaviruses (CoV).…”

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confidence: 99%

A Hypothesis-Generating Prospective Longitudinal Study to Assess the Relative Contribution of Common Respiratory Viruses to Severe Lower Respiratory Infections in Young Children

Ben‐Shimol

Ramilo

Leber

et al. 2023

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: Respiratory viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, parainfluenza and human metapneumovirus are wellestablished etiologies of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs; LRI-viruses). In contrast, adenovirus (AdV), rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/ EV) and seasonal human coronaviruses (CoV), collectively termed AdV/ RV/CoV, are detected both in healthy children and children with ALRI. Methods: The methods include a prospective longitudinal case-control study, assessing the prevalence of LRI-viruses versus AdV/RV/CoV in ALRI [community-acquired alveolar pneumonia (CAAP) and bronchiolitis] during hospitalization (visit 1), 7-14 days (visit 2) and 28-35 days (visit 3) in 2-17-month-old children. Controls were 2-27-month-old children hospitalized for elective surgery during the same respiratory seasons. Results: We enrolled 99 infants (37 CAAP, 38 bronchiolitis and 24 controls) and obtained 211 nasopharyngeal swabs. Overall, 163 (77%) had greater than or equal to 1 viruses detected; RV/EV (n = 94; 45%) and RSV (n = 71; 34%) were the most frequently detected viruses. In CAAP, the overall LRI-virus prevalence was 78.4%, 32.4% and 5.4% in visits 1, 2 and 3, respectively; the respective rates in bronchiolitis were 73.7%, 34.5% and 8.0%. In controls, no LRI-viruses were detected. In contrast, the overall AdV/RV/CoV prevalence was high among controls (70.8%) and similar among CAAP (48.6%, 40.5% and 40.5%) and bronchiolitis (47.4, 58.6% and 64.0%) across visits.Conclusions: Among ALRI cases, LRI-viruses dominated during the acute disease, with prevalence declining within 28-35 days, suggesting their causative role. In contrast, AdV/RV/CoV prevalence was similar during all 3 visits and in controls, suggesting that carriage of these viruses is common during the viral respiratory season. The current study is relatively small and of short duration; however, the findings are supported by other recent studies.

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The Etiology of Pneumonia in HIV-uninfected Children in Kilifi, Kenya

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text.

Cited by 9 publications

References 37 publications

Study on the Application of the Concept of Childlike Interest with Refined Nursing Intervention in the Treatment of Children with Severe Pneumonia

Study on the Application of the Concept of Childlike Interest with Refined Nursing Intervention in the Treatment of Children with Severe Pneumonia

Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children

A Hypothesis-Generating Prospective Longitudinal Study to Assess the Relative Contribution of Common Respiratory Viruses to Severe Lower Respiratory Infections in Young Children

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