The etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological spectrum of parkinsonism

Bologna, Matteo; Truong, Daniel D.; Jankovic, Joseph

doi:10.1016/j.jns.2021.120012

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, as in PSP, some iNPH cases may also develop parkinsonian syndrome (including asymmetric presentation), which responds differently to shunt surgery. Possible mechanisms are a disconnection between the basal ganglia and supplementary motor area, imbalance at the dopaminergic-cholinergic level, a damaged nigrostriatal pathway, alteration of D2 receptors in the putamen, or pressure loading on the midbrain [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Two Single Entities or Neurodegenerative Overlap Syndrome? A Case Report

Straka

Martinkovicova

Jezberová³

et al. 2023

Medicina

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The differential diagnosis of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is difficult. The importance of proper diagnosis is particularly important for iNPH, which can be effectively treated with a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. In our case report, we present a unique case of a patient with overlapping symptoms and radiological findings of iNPH and PSP. Our patient underwent the VP shunt after a differential diagnostic evaluation which resulted in significant improvement in their clinical condition and quality of life, albeit for a short time.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Two Single Entities or Neurodegenerative Overlap Syndrome? A Case Report

Straka

Martinkovicova

Jezberová³

et al. 2023

Medicina

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“…The exact mechanism of DIP is unknown but is generally attributed to dopamine receptor blockage. 65 Calcium channel blockers such as flunarizine and cinnarizine can pass through the blood–brain barrier to inhibit and reduce postsynaptic dopamine receptors. 66 These agents inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity, causing decreased production and secretion of presynaptic dopamine and serotonin.…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug-Induced Movement Disorders

et al. 2023

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Drug-induced movement disorders (DIMDs) are most commonly associated with typical and atypical antipsychotics. However, other drugs such as antidepressants, antihistamines, antiepileptics, antiarrhythmics, and gastrointestinal drugs can also cause abnormal involuntary movements. Different types of movement disorders can also occur because of adverse drug reactions. Therefore, the important key to diagnosing DIMDs is a causal relationship between potential offending drugs and the occurrence of abnormal movements. The pathophysiology of DIMDs is not clearly understood; however, many cases of DIMDs are thought to exert adverse mechanisms of action in the basal ganglia. The treatment of some DIMDs is quite challenging, and removing the offending drugs may not be possible in some conditions such as withdrawing antipsychotics in the patient with partially or uncontrollable neuropsychiatric conditions. Future research is needed to understand the mechanism of DIMDs and the development of drugs with better side-effect profiles. This article reviews the phenomenology, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiology, and management of DIMDs.

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“…Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder with motor symptoms. It mostly arises as an age-associated sporadic disease, but several genetic forms also exist [ 1 , 2 ]. The brain of affected patients is characterized by the prominent loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons [ 3 ] and the presence of Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites (LN).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Rab Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease Synaptopathy

2022

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In patients affected by Parkinson’s disease (PD), the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, the brain is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system, leading to dyshomeostasis of the basal ganglia network activity that is linked to motility dysfunction. PD mostly arises as an age-associated sporadic disease, but several genetic forms also exist. Compelling evidence supports that synaptic damage and dysfunction characterize the very early phases of either sporadic or genetic forms of PD and that this early PD synaptopathy drives retrograde terminal-to-cell body degeneration, culminating in neuronal loss. The Ras-associated binding protein (Rab) family of small GTPases, which is involved in the maintenance of neuronal vesicular trafficking, synaptic architecture and function in the central nervous system, has recently emerged among the major players in PD synaptopathy. In this manuscript, we provide an overview of the main findings supporting the involvement of Rabs in either sporadic or genetic PD pathophysiology, and we highlight how Rab alterations participate in the onset of early synaptic damage and dysfunction.

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The etiopathogenetic and pathophysiological spectrum of parkinsonism

Cited by 12 publications

References 133 publications

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Two Single Entities or Neurodegenerative Overlap Syndrome? A Case Report

Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Two Single Entities or Neurodegenerative Overlap Syndrome? A Case Report

Drug-Induced Movement Disorders

The Role of Rab Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease Synaptopathy

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