The EU Everything But Arms Initiative and the LDCs

Cernat, Lucian; Laird, Sam; Monge-Roffarello, Luca; Turrini, Alessandro

doi:10.1057/9780230523265_9

Cited by 15 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…With respect to the first question, the estimation results point out that the EBA initiative fell short of success to improve significantly the export performance of the ACP LDCs compared to the rest of the ACP countries. The empirical studies based on general equilibrium approaches show a modest but throughout a constant positive impact of the EBA scheme on LDCs' exports (Cernat et al., ; Jensen and Yu, ). This difference may be attributed to the fact that the results from the general equilibrium models are overestimated, as they do not regard rules of origin or other administrative requirements, which act as non‐tariff barriers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three studies are closely related to our study and consider in particular the EBA agreement: Somwaru and Trueblood (); Cernat et al. (); and Jensen and Yu (). According to these studies, the gains to LDCs from the EBA scheme lie between US$300 and 400 million, whereas its cost ranges between US$200 and 300 million.…”

Section: The Eba Initiative: a New Option For Ldcs?mentioning

confidence: 87%

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Are Trade Preferences more Effective than Aid in Supporting Exports? Evidence from the ‘Everything But Arms’ Preference Scheme

Gradeva

Martínez‐Zarzoso

2015

World Economy

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This study examines the effect of the ‘Everything But Arms’ (EBA) trade preferences regime on exports from the African, Caribbean and Pacific countries (ACP) to the European Union (EU). With this aim, an augmented gravity model is estimated for exports from the 79 ACP countries to the EU‐15 for the time period of 1995—2013 using panel data techniques. The results are used to quantify the effect of the eligibility for EBA preferences on the export performance of the ACP least developed countries (LDCs) and to relate it to the impact of official development assistance on exports. In addition to their separate effects, the combined impact of EBA and aid flows is examined. The main results do not provide evidence for an additional positive effect of the EBA agreement on the export performance of the ACP LDCs. However, receiving aid shows a significant and positive effect on exports from EBA‐eligible ACP countries to the EU‐15, supporting an EU development strategy that includes both sorts of assistance, aid and trade preferences.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Eba Initiative: a New Option For Ldcs?mentioning

confidence: 87%

Are Trade Preferences more Effective than Aid in Supporting Exports? Evidence from the ‘Everything But Arms’ Preference Scheme

Gradeva

Martínez‐Zarzoso

2015

World Economy

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“…That initiative would provide duty-and quota-free access to the EU for exports of all merchandise except arms (Cernat et al 2002). It received in-principle, best-endeavours endorsement at the 3 rd WTO Ministerial in Doha in November 2001, but without any specific timetable.…”

Section: Does It Matter That Global Trade Reform Erodes Tariff Prefermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, access to three politically sensitive agricultural markets, bananas, rice and sugar, would be phased in by the EU only gradually over the next eight years (and would be subject to stricter safeguards). Not surprisingly, it is these three products, but especially sugar, that offer the greatest potential for growth in trade from least developed countries to the EU (see Figure 4.1 of Cernat et al 2002).…”

Section: Does It Matter That Global Trade Reform Erodes Tariff Prefermentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade Liberalization, Agriculture and Poverty in Low-Income Countries

Anderson¹

2004

The WTO, Developing Countries and the Doha Development Agenda

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This paper offers an economic assessment of the opportunities and challenges provided by the WTO's Doha Development Agenda, particularly through agricultural trade liberalization, for low-income countries seeking to trade their way out of poverty. After discussing links between poverty, economic growth and trade, it reports modelling results showing that farm product markets remain the most costly of all goods market distortions in world trade. It focuses on what such reform might mean for countries of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa in particular, both without and with their involvement in the MTN reform process. What becomes clear is that if those countries want to maximize their benefits from the Doha round, they need also to free up their own domestic product and factor markets so their farmers are better able to take advantage of new market-opening opportunities abroad. Other concerns of low-income countries about farm trade reform also are addressed: whether there would be losses associated with tariff preference erosion, whether food-importing countries would suffer from higher food prices in international markets, whether China's WTO accession will provide an example of trade reform aggravating poverty via cuts to prices received by Chinese farmers, and the impact on food security and poverty alleviation. The paper concludes with lessons of relevance for low-income countries for their own domestic and trade policies.

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“…As a result, in 2006/07 EBA sugar imports had increased by 160 per cent since 2001/02. Cernat et al (2003, p. 18) had predicted this and suggested that EBA could better be labelled ‘Nothing but Sugar’.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Everything But Arms: Much More than Appears at First Sight*

Faber

Orbie

2009

J of Common Market Studies

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This article examines the impact of the EU's 'Everything But Arms' initiative. Starting from the observations that the effects in terms of trade flows have been modest and that EBA nevertheless sparked fierce debate within the EU, we argue that it has had broader ramifications beyond exports of least-developed countries. Subsequently, we analyse the influence of EBA on three interrelated areas: reforming EU agricultural policy (internal), restructuring EU-ACP relations (regional) and forging a WTO round (global). We conclude that EBA has played a catalysing role in these issues, in line with the globalist-liberal preferences which have become dominant in the EU. Copyright (c) 2009 The Author(s). Journal compilation (c) 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

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The EU Everything But Arms Initiative and the LDCs

Cited by 15 publications

References 2 publications

Are Trade Preferences more Effective than Aid in Supporting Exports? Evidence from the ‘Everything But Arms’ Preference Scheme

Are Trade Preferences more Effective than Aid in Supporting Exports? Evidence from the ‘Everything But Arms’ Preference Scheme

Trade Liberalization, Agriculture and Poverty in Low-Income Countries

Everything But Arms: Much More than Appears at First Sight*

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