The European lightning location system EUCLID – Part 2: Observations

Poelman, D. R.; Schulz, Wolfgang; Diendorfer, Gerhard; Bernardi, M.

doi:10.5194/nhess-16-607-2016

Cited by 111 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…5 is not discrete but linearly interpolated from blue (0.1 km) till red (2.0 km or greater). Figure 5a shows the median LA over the 10 year period and should give the reader a possibility to assess the LA of the data used in the paper Poelman et al (2016). Of course the actual performance of the network regarding LA is much better in 2014 and this can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: Location Accuracymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The parameters used for the calculation, namely the standard deviations of the time, and angle error, are determined regularly for each individual sensor. In this figure the contour line for 0.5 km semi major axis (red line) and the region for the data analyses (black polygon) in the paper Poelman et al (2016) are displayed. The color coding in Fig.…”

Section: Location Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless the stroke/flash DE of any network has some spatial variability. The analyses in the companion paper Poelman et al (2016) are based on flashes because flash DE is less sensitive to network performance and especially larger sensor baselines than stroke DE. Using a reasonable multiplicity distribution it was shown by Schulz et al (2014a) that in a region of high flash DE a change of stroke DE of ∼ 30 % results in a change of flash DE by only ∼ 10 %.…”

Section: Detection Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this paper we want to show the present status of the network performance and provide a base for the companion paper by Poelman and coworkers (Poelman et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The European lightning location system EUCLID – Part 1: Performance analysis and validation

Schulz

Diendorfer

Pédeboy

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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175

153

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Abstract. In this paper we present a performance analysis of the European lightning location system EUCLID for cloud-to ground flashes/strokes in terms of location accuracy (LA), detection efficiency (DE) and peak current estimation. The performance analysis is based on ground truth data from direct lightning current measurements at the Gaisberg Tower (GBT) and data from E-field and video recordings. The E-field and video recordings were collected in three different regions in Europe, namely in Austria, Belgium and France. The analysis shows a significant improvement of the LA of the EUCLID network over the past 7 years. Currently, the median LA is in the range of 100 m in the center of the network and better than 500 m within the majority of the network. The observed DE in Austria and Belgium is similar, yet a slightly lower DE is determined in a particular region in France, due to malfunctioning of a relevant lightning location sensor during the time of observation. The overall accuracy of the lightning location system (LLS) peak current estimation for subsequent strokes is reasonable keeping in mind that the LLS-estimated peak currents are determined from the radiated electromagnetic fields, assuming a constant return stroke speed.The results presented in this paper can be used to estimate the performance of the EUCLID network related to cloud-toground flashes/strokes for regions with similar sensor baselines and sensor technology.

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Section: Location Accuracymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Location Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Detection Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this paper we want to show the present status of the network performance and provide a base for the companion paper by Poelman and coworkers (Poelman et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The European lightning location system EUCLID – Part 1: Performance analysis and validation

Schulz

Diendorfer

Pédeboy

et al. 2016

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

Self Cite

175

153

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show abstract

“…The European Cooperation for Lightning Detection network has been operational since 2001 and processes as of January 2017 in real-time data of 164 sensors to provide European-wide lightning observations of high and nearly homogeneous quality Poelman et al, 2016). All of the sensors operate over the same lowfrequency (LF) range and provide amongst others timing and angle information.…”

Section: Lightning Location Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of lightning outliers in the EUCLID network

et al. 2017

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Abstract. Lightning data as observed by the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection (EUCLID) network are used in combination with radar data to retrieve the temporal and spatial behavior of lightning outliers, i.e., discharges located in a wrong place, over a 5-year period from 2011 to 2016. Cloud-to-ground (CG) stroke and intracloud (IC) pulse data are superimposed on corresponding 5 min radar precipitation fields in two topographically different areas, Belgium and Austria, in order to extract lightning outliers based on the distance between each lightning event and the nearest precipitation. It is shown that the percentage of outliers is sensitive to changes in the network and to the location algorithm itself. The total percentage of outliers for both regions varies over the years between 0.8 and 1.7 % for a distance to the nearest precipitation of 2 km, with an average of approximately 1.2 % in Belgium and Austria. Outside the European summer thunderstorm season, the percentage of outliers tends to increase somewhat. The majority of all the outliers are low peak current events with absolute values falling between 0 and 10 kA. More specifically, positive cloud-toground strokes are more likely to be classified as outliers compared to all other types of discharges. Furthermore, it turns out that the number of sensors participating in locating a lightning discharge is different for outliers versus correctly located events, with outliers having the lowest amount of sensors participating. In addition, it is shown that in most cases the semi-major axis (SMA) assigned to a lightning discharge as a confidence indicator in the location accuracy (LA) is smaller for correctly located events compared to the semimajor axis of outliers.

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Negative first stroke leader characteristics in cloud‐to‐ground lightning over land and ocean

Nag

Cummins

2017

Geophysical Research Letters

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We examine downward leader characteristics for negative first return strokes, along with estimated first stroke peak currents, for lightning occurring over land and ocean reported by the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN). For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we report independent evidence that supports the observations by lightning locating systems of higher first stroke peak currents for lightning occurring over ocean than land. We analyzed lightning occurring in five circular regions, each with 50 km diameter. In western Florida, the median stepped‐leader duration was 17% shorter over ocean than over land and in eastern Florida the median durations were 21% and 39% shorter over two oceanic regions than over land. We infer that the shorter durations over ocean simply reflect the higher (25% in western Florida and 11%–16% in eastern Florida) oceanic return stroke peak currents reported by the NLDN. These findings indicate that the cloud charge structure for (at least some) oceanic storms are different than those for storms over land. The percentage of flashes that had at least one NLDN‐reported negative cloud pulse prior to the first negative cloud‐to‐ground stroke was found to be about the same over land and ocean. Using regression analysis, we found no evidence that the relationship between leader duration and first return stroke peak current is different over land and ocean.

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The European lightning location system EUCLID – Part 2: Observations

Cited by 111 publications

References 36 publications

The European lightning location system EUCLID – Part 1: Performance analysis and validation

The European lightning location system EUCLID – Part 1: Performance analysis and validation

Analysis of lightning outliers in the EUCLID network

Negative first stroke leader characteristics in cloud‐to‐ground lightning over land and ocean

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