The European security strategy: Multilateral security with teeth?

The European Union and Developments in Crisis Management Operations and Peacekeeping

“…172 An important lesson that has been learned from the EU operations to date is that military intervention is usually followed by a sustained period of political, economic, and social instability, the resolution of which demands a complex mix of military, diplomatic, humanitarian, and economic approaches and a long-term commitment. 173 Since the adoption of the European Security Strategy in 2003, the EU has gained considerable experience in managing peace-enforcement, peacekeeping, policing, and civilian operations. The question remains, however, as to whether this indicates that the Union is capable of developing a fully autonomous and coherent military doctrine that will allow EU forces to launch ESDP operations.…”