The European Union’s Mediterranean Policies after the Arab Revolts: From Crisis to a New Order?

Counter-mapping, refugees and asylum borders

“…What we call "the territorial norm" of asylum clearly emerged in its consequences on migrants' lives in 2011, with the outbreak of the war in Libya and with the political turmoil of the Arab Uprisings and the geopolitical destabilisation of the entire Mediterranean region that followed (Cassarino & Tocci, 2012;Garelli, 2013a). The arrival of 1 million Libyan war escapees in Tunisia in 2011 was a case in point: while about 600,000 of them were Libyan citizens, the remaining were third-country nationals who had been living in Libya for years as migrants.…”